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Psychology: Sensation & Perception > States of Consciousness Definitions > Flashcards

States of Consciousness Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Consciousness?

A

Awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Awareness

A

Perceiving, feeling, or behaving, or having knowledge of oneself.

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3
Q

Conscious Experience

A

Normal, waking consciousness: how you are functioning right now.

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

Levels of Awareness: High-Level Awareness (3 points)

A

-Most alert state.
-Highly focused on something.
-When making important decisions.

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6
Q

Levels of Awareness: Low-Level Awareness

A

-Non-conscious processing (Automatic behaviors)
-Daydreaming
-Sleep
-Coma
-Low awareness can save mental effort.
-Can also be influenced by subtle factors.

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7
Q

Layers of Consciousness: Dual Processing Model (3 points)

A

Information is simultaneously processed on separate conscious and non-conscious tracks.
-System 1: Implicit
-System 2: Explicit

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8
Q

When we get into the implicit association test

A

-Way to check for implicit biases.
-Check where your implicit bias is.

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9
Q

What role do you think attention plays in our consciousness and awareness?

A

-Attention plays a huge role.
-If you aren’t paying attention, you don’t know what the hell is going on.

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10
Q

-Selective Attention

A

-Attention is “shiftable.”
-Stimuli that is novel, large, vivid, colored, moving, etc.

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11
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

-Failure to detect something when engaged in a task.
-Change Blindness

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12
Q

Cocktail Party Effect

A

The ability to listen to one person talking amongst a group of people talking.

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13
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

Deviation from normal awareness due to sleep, drugs, hypnosis, sleep deprivation, etc.

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14
Q

Sleep (4 points)

A

-People spend 1/3 of their life asleep.
-All birds and mammals sleep.
-Important restorative functions
-Need to sleep for cellular restorations.

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15
Q

Wakefulness: 2 patterns of activity

A

Alpha Activity & Beta Activity

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16
Q

Alpha Activity

A

Regular, medium-frequency waves (8-12Hz)
-Produced while resting quietly, eyes closed.

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17
Q

Beta Activity

A

-Irregular low-amplitude waves.
-Desynchronous activity.
-Occurs when alert.

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18
Q

Stages of Sleep

A

-Awake
-Stage 1: Light Sleep
-Stage 2: Moderately light, spindles, K-complexes
-Stage 3: Transitional
-REM: Dream sleep

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19
Q

Time of each sleep cycle

A

90 min

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20
Q

Stages of Sleep and Brain Waves

A

-Cycles ~ 90
-SWS most early on decreases through the night.
-REM sleep increases.

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21
Q

Sleep and Learning: REM Sleep Rebound

A

If we are deprived of REM sleep, we make it up the next time.
-Important during development
-Infants have more REM than adults.

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22
Q

SWS (Slow Wave Sleep) Essential For:

A

-Rest & Repair of brain
-Consolidation of declarative memory

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23
Q

Sleep Deprivation: Cognitive Deficits

A

Perceptual distortions, trouble concentrating, even hallucinations.

24
Q

Sleep Deprivation: Microsleep

A

Brain shuts down, falling into a sleep state for up to half a minute.

25
Q

Wish Fulfillment Theory

A

Sigmund Freud believed that dreams symbolize hidden desires.
-Info about your inner self

26
Q

Manifest Content

A

-Story of the dream, what actually happened in the dream

27
Q

Latent Content

A

-Deeper unconscious meaning.
-What store was I walking to? What was the significance of the store?

28
Q

Sigmund Freud’s Theories

A

Went into hidden sexual desires.

29
Q

Cognitive Theory (3 points)

A

-What we think about during the day shows up in our dreams.
-Aids in problem-solving, creativity.
-Inventor of the sewing machine came up with it in a dream.

30
Q

Information-Process Theory

A

-Sensory overload during the day. Dreaming is a mental “time out.” Brain is scanning new info against old info/ Dreams are meant of strengthening memories most crucial to our survival.

31
Q

Activation-Synthesis Theory

A

-The brain is very active during REM sleep! Dreams occur as a result of brain activity during sleep. The brain is making sense of random neural firing.

32
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

Our bodies’ clock is in the hypothalamus and plays a role in regulation of the Circadian Rhythm. Regulates and Responds to melatonin. Melatonin secreted by the Pineal gland.

33
Q

Zeitgebers

A

-External clues that help set your internal clock.
-German for “time giver”

34
Q

Melatonin (4 points)

A

Hormone Released by Pineal gland.
-Suppressed by light.
-Decreases with age.
-Delayed in adolescence

35
Q

Adenosine (4 points)

A

-Inhibitory neurotransmitter; it binds to a neuron and makes it not active.
-Extracellular buildup while awake.
-Basal Forebrain
-Increases sleep drive / pressure
-Caffeine; blocks receptors for adenosine.

36
Q

Drug-altered Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

A

Substances that alter behavior, mood, perception, and/or mental functioning.

37
Q

Substances

A

Depressants, Stimulants, Hallucinogens

38
Q

Neurotransmitter: Dopamine

A

“Feel good” reward mechanism of the brain; movement, learning, and attention.

39
Q

Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine

A

Stimulates muscles

40
Q

Neurotransmitter: Serotonin

A

Emotion, mood, perception, hunger, sleep, arousal

41
Q

Neurotransmitter: Glutamate

A

Major excitatory transmitter; memory

42
Q

Neurotransmitter: GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid)

A

Major inhibitory transmitter
-Most ubiquitous

43
Q

Neurotransmitter: Endorphins

A

Pain reduction and pleasure

44
Q

Depressants

A

-Alcohol, Barbiturates, Opiates
-Alcohol is most widely used.

45
Q

Neurotransmitters involved in depressants:

A

GABA

46
Q

Costs to society while using depressants:

A

Cancer: Breast, bowel, Blatter, liver, mouth…
-60% of traffic fatalities
-BACs of 0.3 can kill you

47
Q

Depressants: Opiates
Neurotransmitters:

A

-Endorphin

48
Q

Opioids

A

Opiates + Synthetic Opiates: Vicodin, Percocet, Oxycodone, Fentanyl

49
Q

Stimulants

A

Cocaine, Nicotine, Caffeine, MDMA, Amphetamines

50
Q

Neurotransmitters involved in stimulants:

A

Dopamine

51
Q

Stimulants do what:

A

-Increases euphoria, energy, alertness, and wight loss.
-Vasoconstrictor & local anesthetic

52
Q

Hallucinogens

A

-Changes of though or perception
-Addiction risk is minimal.

53
Q

Natural Hallucinogens

A

-Mescaline
-Psilocybin
-Marijuana (not a hallucinogen but is classified as one)

54
Q

Synthetic Hallucinogens

A

-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
-MDMA (Ecstasy)
-Phencyclidine

55
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in hallucinogens.

A

Serotonin

Psychology: Sensation & Perception (4 decks)

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