State Security Flashcards
How did Hobbes describe the life of man?
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short
When was the high point of the belief that nations have the right to become nation states?
1919 Paris Peace Conference which broke up the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg and the Ottoman Empires.
What did Mazzini say about the nation states?
If all nations became states there would be nothing left to fight about.
What 10th C group pursued non-state violence in the Islamic World?
The Order of Assassins
What can the modern wave of politcal islam be traced back to?
Modern wave of pol Islam can be treated back to the 20s and the anti-colonial movement in Egypt which founded the Muslim Brotherhood.
When does guerrilla warfare date back to?
The Peninsular war (early 19th C) when irregular SPA and POR forces were able to achieve mil success against a far stronger FRA invading army
Why does Hough believe that political state non-violence has been on the rise?
- Allows weak to take on the strong
2. The advance of comms tech in the latter part of the 20th C
When did the UK start a secret dialogue with the IRA?
1985
What does Neumann posit about dealing with terrorists?
Negotiating with terrorists is the only way a democratic government can expect to end a conflict but nonetheless, the process needs to be more sophisticated than making sudden major concessions.
What countries in recent years have taken a zero-tolerance approach to dealing with terrorists?
USA, Israel, Russia
What does Laqueur observe in regard to zero tolerance?
“The more severe the repression, the less terrorism tends to occur”
How did the USA make some concessions to Islamic Terrorists?
by showing greater support for an independent Palestine and by withdrawing from bases in Saudi Arabia
What does Nolan believe is the most pressing tak of demo govts in the 21st C?
Balancing the sec and freedom of its citizens in dealing with terrorism
What was the UK legal response to the Sept 11 attacks?
The UK derogated from Art 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights in able to detain terror suspects for longer periods without charge.
What was the name of the courts used during the troubles in NI without juries?
Diplock Courts
What is the downside of severing diplomatic ties?
Without diplomatic leverage, it becomes difficult for the USA or any other W Govt to put pol pressure on them.
How many states recognised the Taliban Govt in Afghan?
3, including Pakistan.
What two full-scale wars have been waged by the west on non-state actors?
- 2001-2 Afghan War
2. 2014 - the war against ISIS.
What does Paul Wilkinson liken wars against non-state actors to?
“fighting the hydra” - as long as one head is cut off another grows.
What does Halliday say about non-state war?
Since war is political, politics can resolve war
What does Buzan say IR views the state as?
A politico-territorial billiard ball.
Pol Science and sociology view state as the same as central govt.
What has Willetts argued about statehood with regard to the U.N.?
Willetts has argued that UN has acted to reduce the criteria for statehood - a number of small islands are now considered states
What does Buzan consider to be the two parts of sovereignty?
- Self Govt
2. Denial of higher political authority.
