State Security

Question 1

How did Hobbes describe the life of man?

Answer 1

Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short

Question 2

When was the high point of the belief that nations have the right to become nation states?

Answer 2

1919 Paris Peace Conference which broke up the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg and the Ottoman Empires.

Question 3

What did Mazzini say about the nation states?

Answer 3

If all nations became states there would be nothing left to fight about.

Question 4

What 10th C group pursued non-state violence in the Islamic World?

Answer 4

The Order of Assassins

Question 5

What can the modern wave of politcal islam be traced back to?

Answer 5

Modern wave of pol Islam can be treated back to the 20s and the anti-colonial movement in Egypt which founded the Muslim Brotherhood.

Question 6

When does guerrilla warfare date back to?

Answer 6

The Peninsular war (early 19th C) when irregular SPA and POR forces were able to achieve mil success against a far stronger FRA invading army

Question 7

Why does Hough believe that political state non-violence has been on the rise?

Answer 7

1. Allows weak to take on the strong

2. The advance of comms tech in the latter part of the 20th C

Question 8

When did the UK start a secret dialogue with the IRA?

Answer 8

1985

Question 9

What does Neumann posit about dealing with terrorists?

Answer 9

Negotiating with terrorists is the only way a democratic government can expect to end a conflict but nonetheless, the process needs to be more sophisticated than making sudden major concessions.

Question 10

What countries in recent years have taken a zero-tolerance approach to dealing with terrorists?

Answer 10

USA, Israel, Russia

Question 11

What does Laqueur observe in regard to zero tolerance?

Answer 11

“The more severe the repression, the less terrorism tends to occur”

Question 12

How did the USA make some concessions to Islamic Terrorists?

Answer 12

by showing greater support for an independent Palestine and by withdrawing from bases in Saudi Arabia

Question 13

What does Nolan believe is the most pressing tak of demo govts in the 21st C?

Answer 13

Balancing the sec and freedom of its citizens in dealing with terrorism

Question 14

What was the UK legal response to the Sept 11 attacks?

Answer 14

The UK derogated from Art 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights in able to detain terror suspects for longer periods without charge.

Question 15

What was the name of the courts used during the troubles in NI without juries?

Answer 15

Diplock Courts

Question 16

What is the downside of severing diplomatic ties?

Answer 16

Without diplomatic leverage, it becomes difficult for the USA or any other W Govt to put pol pressure on them.

Question 17

How many states recognised the Taliban Govt in Afghan?

Answer 17

3, including Pakistan.

Question 18

What two full-scale wars have been waged by the west on non-state actors?

Answer 18

1. 2001-2 Afghan War

2. 2014 - the war against ISIS.

Question 19

What does Paul Wilkinson liken wars against non-state actors to?

Answer 19

“fighting the hydra” - as long as one head is cut off another grows.

Question 20

What does Halliday say about non-state war?

Answer 20

Since war is political, politics can resolve war

Question 21

What does Buzan say IR views the state as?

Answer 21

A politico-territorial billiard ball.

Pol Science and sociology view state as the same as central govt.

Question 22

What has Willetts argued about statehood with regard to the U.N.?

Answer 22

Willetts has argued that UN has acted to reduce the criteria for statehood - a number of small islands are now considered states

Question 23

What does Buzan consider to be the two parts of sovereignty?

Answer 23

1. Self Govt

2. Denial of higher political authority.