International Society Flashcards
What was the Thirty-Year War essentially fought for?
To ensure Europe was formed on an anti-hegemonic basis
What system was an outcome of the 30-year war?
The balance of power - in this case between Cath FRA and Prot SWE against Cath Spain
What restored order after the thirty years war?
The PEACE of WESTPHALIA (1648)
How does VATTEL define the Balance of Power?
“a state of affairs such that no one power is in a position where it is preponderant and can lay down the law to others”
Why was the 19th C Concert of Eur system created?
The preserve the post-Napoleonic Peace
What does Waltz say the Military and Economic security imperatives are?
Mil - “look after yourself”
Econ - “specialize”
What does Buzan say the most striking feature of states is?
Their DIVERSITY in terms of size, culture, pol cohesion, ideology, geography etc.
This provides justification for anarchic sys
Where does Buzan locate strong and weak states?
Strong: N AME, EUR, NE ASIA
Weak: AFR, Mid East
What is the main threat to weak states?
They are vulnerable to political threats - mil threats now less likely
What is the “degree of polarity”?
The distribution of power, the number of major powers in the system
Which are Morton Kaplan’s 6 systems have existed?
Balance of Power, loose bipolar, tight bipolar
Rest theoretical
Who says that bi polar systems create less sec concerns?
Waltz
What does Bull think of the BofP sys?
- That it is notorious for the number of meanings attached to BofP;
- Thinks that it is not of much use as a term in the modern IR system.
Who created the label “non-violent conflict culture”?
Egbert Jahn et al
What is the non-violent conflict culture?
- peace does not require harmony.
- Conflict is seen as part of the human physical condition, but war ruled out as legitimate except as def against attack.
When was the term “great power” first used in a treaty?
1815 - Congress of Vienna.
When did the American Civil War end?
1865
After what events did Japan join the Great Powers?
Victory in:
- The first Sino-Japanese War
- The Russo-Japanese War
What event greatly accelerated China’s recovery as a great power?
Its intervention in Korea in 1950 which changed the course of the war.
Final acceptance came in 1979 after economic reforms and some political modernization.
When did the partition of Poland take place?
End of 18th C
At what event did the concert of Europe first begin?
The Congress of Vienna.
What was the purpose of the concert of Europe?
- Shape and control the geopolitics of the post-Napoleonic war world.
- Construct a more regular and lawful int’l society.
In what period of great power cooperation does Nolan believe that we are in?
The fourth major experiment. More reminiscent of the concert system than any other era.
What event marked the beginning of the end of the concert of Europe?
The Crimean War. Continued by Prussian moves to establish continental hegemony
What major conflicts was the LoN unable to deal with?
- the Japanese conquest of Manchuria
- the Italian invasion of Ethiopia
- the intervention of Italy, GER and USSR in Spanish civil war.
How many people were displaced by ethnic cleansing in C and E EUR after WWII?
30 mil
Who coined the phrase Empire by Invitation?
Lundestad
Of the unspoken consensus on modern great power obligations, what does Nolan believe is the most important?
Upholding domestic political and social order.
UK and USA most successful over last 135 years.
