Staph Aureus bacteremia Flashcards
1
Q
What is it?
A
- Most virulent of the streptococcal species
- Gram +ve species
- Can have a toxin mediated or non- toxin mediated response
- It is part of the normal human gut flora and can be present transiently or permanently in in 25-50% of the population
2
Q
Colonisation sites?
A
- most commonly in the anterior nares
- on skin : vagina, axilla, oropharynx , perineum.
3
Q
What are the main risk factors for getting a staph aureus infection?
A
- DM1- Insulin dependant
- HIV
- Skin damaged patients
- Patients undergoing hemodialysis
4
Q
Classification of S. Aureus?
A
- Healthcare association
- Community based
- Primary
- Secondary
5
Q
How does it present?
A
- Skin/ soft tissue infection
- Catheter/ Vascular line in hospitals
- Osteomyelitis/ septic arthritis/ discitis
- Abcess/ necrotising fascitis/ pyomyotosis
- Pneumonia/ Empyema
6
Q
Complications
A
Present in 1/3rd of all patients- distant site metastases
- bones and joint especially prosthetics
- epidermal space and intertebral disc
- native and prostethic cardiac valves
- Visceral abcesses In the spleen, kidneys and lungs
7
Q
What investigations?
A
- blood cultures: before antibiotics
- Repeat blood cultures: 48-72 hours post antimicrobial therapy
- Biopsy for bone infections
- Imaging
- Transthoracic ECHO
8
Q
management
A
- Antibiotics- DO NOT DELAY
- identify source and manage
- surgery if required
9
Q
Antibiotics
A
- Flucloxycillin
- Vancomycin
- Teicoplanin
- Linezoid
- Daptomycin
10
Q
what does it look on microscopy?
A
grape like clusters on microscopy
