Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards
What is immunisation and who gets immunised?
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.
Given to:
Children
Occupational exposure
Special groups
Who is given prophylaxis
Given to:
Travelers
Post-exposure
Surgical
what types of vaccine are available
- Live attenuated
- Inactivated
- Detoxified exotoxin
- Sub-unit of a micro-organism
How do sub-unit vaccines work?
1- Part of DNA which is responsible for coding for HB is removed, purified and mixed with plasmids
2- This is inserted into yeasts
3- They are fermented
4- The antigens are produced
Vaccination programmes In children
2 months:
6 in 1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + rotavirus + men B
3 months:
6 in 1 vaccine + rotavirus
4 months:
6 in 1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + Men B
1 year:
Men C + MMR + men B + pneumococcal conjugate
2-8 years: influenza nasal
3-5 years: 4 in 1 booster + MMR
Girls 12-13: HPV
14 years: 3 in 1 booster + men ACWY
what is contained in the 6 in 1 vaccine
- diphtheria
- tetanus
- bordatella pertussis
- Polio
- Haemophilius influenza
- Hep B
what is herd immunity?
when 90-95% of the population is vaccinated so there is a small chance of people who are not vaccinated from becoming infected
What are extra vaccines available for specific groups?
- BCG
- Influenza
- Pneumococcal
- Hep B
- Herpes Zooster
- Varicella Zooster
who gets the BCG vaccine?
- some infants 0-12 months
- some children screened at school with high TB factors
- immigrants entering the country from high TB risk zones
- Healthcare workers
who gets Hep B vaccine
- all infants since 2018 at 0,1,2 months and 1 year
- some healthcare workers
who gets the varicella booster vaccine?
- Patients who are immunosuppressed
- children who are exposed to high risk HZV
Passive immunisation vaccinations
1- Human normal immunoglobulin
2- Disease specific immunoglobulins
What is the chemoprophylaxis available against malaria?
1- Malarone: daily
2- Doxycycline: daily
3- Mefloquinine: weekly
4- Chloroquinine + proquanil : daily
what are some of the side effects of doxycycline?
Photosensitivity
What are some of the side effects of mefloquine?
psychosis
nightmares
