STALIN: THE ECONOMY Flashcards
15th Party Congress
THE GREAT TURN
Enabled move to central planning govt. responsible for economic coordination
“Command Economy”
1ST FIVE YEAR PLAN
1928-1932
AIMS:
- Increase production by 300%
- Develop heavy industry
- Boost electricity production by 600%
MAGNITOGORSK
Successes and Failures of the 1st plan
SUCCESSES: -electricity output doubled - coal + iron output doubled - steel production increased by 1/3 FAILURES: -Targets for chemical industry not met -Smaller industries lost out - Consumer goods neglected
2ND FIVE YEAR PLAN
1933-1937
AIMS:
- Continue development of heavy industry
- New emphasis on light industries
- Development of communications
‘Three Good Years’
1934-36
1935 - Moscow Canal
1936 - Rearmament increased from 4% to 17% by 1937
1937 - Volga Canal
- Electricity and chemical industries grew rapidly
- Steel output and coal output increased
Failures of the 2nd plan
- Oil production failed to meet its targets
- Continuation of QUANTITY OVER QUALITY
3RD FIVE YEAR PLAN
1938-42
- Development on heavy industry
- Rapid rearmament
- Complete transition to communism
Failures of 3rd Plan
- Concentration of resources to heavy industry affected other industries
- FUEL CRISIS
- Purges and harsh 1938 winter = shortage of good managers etc.
- Plan ended early by 1941 Operation Barbarossa
15th Party Congress
DEC 1927
“Collectivisation Congress”
1928 - ‘Ural-Siberian method’ involved forcible seizures of grain
COLLECTIVISATION STAGE 1
DEC 1929 - ‘Liquidisation of kulaks as a class’
- Red Army + Cheka used to identify, execute or deport kulaks = 15% of households destroyed
JAN 1930 - 25% of grain-farming areas to be collectivised
KOLKHOZES- State-owned land, fulfilling quotas
By March - 58% peasant households collectivised
COLLECTIVISATION STAGE 2
1930-41
-2,500 MTS for the Kolkhozes
-Dekulakisation removed c.10 million of the most successful farmers
-Unrealistic quotas
-Collectives poorly organised
1932-33 - FAMINE
“Second serfdom” - internal passports
CHEKA
-Controlled units of Red Guard + military
1922 - Renamed the GPU
1923 - Renamed the OGPU
1934-43 - Under control of NKVD
