EMANCIPATION

Question 1

Hierarchy in Tsarist Russia

Answer 1

Ruling Class -0.5%
The Church
Govt. and Upper Class - 12%
Commercial + Professional Middle Class - 1.5%
The Police - 1 policeman to every 3850 peasants
Industrial Working Class - 4%
Peasants - 80%

68.8million not actually ‘Russian’

Question 2

When was the Crimean War?

Answer 2

1853-1856

“I hand over to you my command, unfortunately not in as good order as I would have wished” - Nicholas I, March 1855

Question 3

The Emancipation Edict

Answer 3

1861

“Serfdom could not continue forever and…it would therefore be better if the transformation took place from above rather than below” - Alexander II, Jan 1861

Question 4

Terms of Emancipation

Answer 4

• 23 million serfs given ‘freedom’
• Nobles kept+compensated for land given to serfs
• 1864 - ZEMSTVA set up with local powers
• Peasants had to pay all feudal dues to former lord
• VOLOST COURTS under nobility supervision
• REDEMPTION PAYMENTS - 49 years at 6%

Question 5

Military Reforms

Answer 5

1874-75

-Conscription compulsory from age 21 - service length reduced
-Punishments less severe
Military colleges + improved weaponry

Question 6

Local Government Reforms

Answer 6

1864-70

-Zemstva - chosen through electoral college that was nobility dominated
1870 - Dumas set up

Question 7

Judiciary Reforms

Answer 7

1864

Equality before the law
Cases heard before judges and jury

Question 8

Education Reforms

Answer 8

1863-64

Alexander Golovnin - Minister for Education(1862-67)
-Schooling transferred from Orthodox Church to the zemstvo
-‘Modern Schools’
1870 - women could attend for non-vocational education

Question 9

Censorship reforms

Answer 9

1858-70

Question 10

When was Alexander II Assassinated?

Answer 10

March 1881