Stalin 28-41 collectivisation and economy Flashcards
what is a kolkhoz
It is a collective farm ran by a committee
50-100 households put together
Tools and resources are pooled and farmed as one long unit
Forced collectivisation
decided that the elimination of the kulaks and forced collectivisation would get the peasents under control
collectivisation effect on economy
hoped that it would stimulate more exports and output
create larger harvests as a state and a surplus
25,000er’s
ordered by the central commitee to recurit 25 thousand industrial workers along with police units ans told not to come back till organised a collective farm
Why did stalin have to call halt on the collectivisation process
Because it was very disruptive for grain production
pradva- dizzy with success speech
Hypocritically stated that collectivisation should not be forced and accused officials and local authorities of excessive zeal
what happened between march and june
collective households fell from 58- 20 percent
collectivisation offensive
went to 90 percent
How many kolkhoz by the end of the cO offensive
25 million households into 250,000 kolkhoz
what was dekulakization ?
was central to the idea of collectivisation
but was really an attack on the peasantry class as a whole
to enforce fear and submission to the regime
what is the definition of kulak
definition of a kulak was vague and elastic
anyone who opposed collectivisation was a kulak or an ideological kulak
what happened to the kulaks
deported into inhabitable parts of the soviet 40,000
labour camps 30,000
shot (21,000)
how did the kulaks contribute to industrialisation
set up industries in remote places
in labour camps building roads and canals
1933 why did dekulakization come to a halt
because it was too disruptive
dekulakization quotas
certain number of kulaks to find in certain regions, often exceeded to show the vigilance of the GPu’s
examples of resistance of collectivisation
riots upscaled
25,000 peasants
main forms of resistance included
killing eating or selling kattler rather than handing them over to the state
burn crops and houses than hand over to the state
women’s resistance to collectivisation
provided the most efficient form of resistance
calculated to stop grain req.
and to capture cattle back for example
troops found it hard to deal w women
organised and tactical
Famine in 1932
man made famine in Ukraine
2.5 million deaths
due to a lot of exportation
people prevented from moving out to downplay the severity
started from a drought
when was the Mir abolished
1930
5 ears of corn
were arrested for ‘hairdressing’ the individual ears of corn. 1,000 imprisoned
Kolkoz model statue
peasants can buy and sell private plots
provided a good source of income
but, an ideological failure
by 1941 100 percent of households collectivised
First five year plan
Successes were
electricity production troubled
coal iron up doubled
engineering industry developed increasing output on machines and tools
huge new industrial complex were built good as Magnitogorsk
Failures were the one very little growth and even a decline in consumer industries
small workshops have squeezed out drive against nepmen
Lack of skilled workers
managers were desperate to achieve the target and resorting to bribery fault accounting and taking resources
Second five-year plan
Successes were
electricity production continued to grow
by 1937 the USSR was self-sufficient in a machine making
there was some growth in consumer industries
but the weaknesses were overall consumer goods industries were still lacking behind
issue over quantity over quality remained resources were increasingly diverted to defence projects
What happen in the second year planDuring the purges
They were disrupted
Third year five year plan
Success is
continued growth and heavy industry
defence grew massively
the weakness it was the third time got cut off because of a harsh winter at the beginning of 1938
continue disruption caused by the purges
there was a fuel and oil crisis
significant disruption was caused by industries moving away from vulnerable western regions
Five year plan conclusions
There had been a significant growth in heavy industry Russia
had called the great deal to Western powers in terms of industrial output
the Soviet state run economy fitted a communist ideology and had outperform the worst that had been hit by the Great depression in the 1930s
wage differentials emerged that didn’t match the ideology and were greater than those in the US
the military was much better equipped them before provide ability to drive back the Nazi invasion
consumer industry has largely been neglected
quality not quantity and system based on corruption became the norm as managers via the consequence of not meeting quoters
