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Histology > Staining > Flashcards

Staining Flashcards

1
Q

why do we stain?

A
  • overcome a lack of contrast in tissues
  • identify cell types and structures
  • identify specific molecules within a tissue
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2
Q

basic reaction of stains= attraction of _______

A

opposites

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3
Q

tissues that stain with a basic stain are?

A

basophilic

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4
Q

tissues that stain with an acidic stain?

A

acidophilic

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5
Q

what are the 6 basic dyes?

A
  1. methylene blue (blue)
  2. toludine blue ( blue)
  3. hematoxylin (blue)
  4. methyl green (green)
  5. basic fuschin
  6. pyronine G (red)
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6
Q

what are the 5 acidic dyes?

A
  1. eosin
  2. orange G
  3. aniline blue
  4. fast green
  5. acid fuschin
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7
Q

acidic dyes react with the _____ in solution rather than your section

A

alkali

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8
Q

basic dyes react with the _____ in solution rather than in your section

A

acid

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9
Q

how does hematoxylin react?

A

reacts like abasicdye with a purplish blue colour. It stains acidic, or basophilic, structure including the cell nucleus (which contains DNA and nucleoprotein), and organelles that contain RNA such as ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

how does eosin stain?

A

acidicdye that is typically reddish or pink. It stains basic, or acidophilic, structures which includes the cytoplasm, cytoplasmic filaments, intracellular membranous components, cell walls and extracellular fibres

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11
Q

how does hematoxylin and eosin stain?

A

most common stain

  • nuclei (blue basophilic) hematoxylin
  • cytoplasm (pink acidophilic) eosin
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12
Q

what is the periodic acid Schiff reaction?

A

PAS- Most carbohydrates react with periodic acid to produce aldehydes, which convert the colourless Schiff reagent (Basic Fuchsin) to pink, or magenta.

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13
Q

trichromes are good for staining what?

A

connective tissue

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14
Q

how is connective tissue stained?

A

both employ a nuclear and cytoplasmic and a third stain for ecm

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15
Q

mallory’s trichrome staining can reveal ______

A

collagen

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16
Q

toludine blue is a _______ stain

A

metachromatic stain

17
Q

toludine blue stains mast cells______ in a blue backround

A

purple

18
Q

what is pararosaniline-toludine blue (PT)?

A

dye contains chromatin shades of purple and cytoplasm and collagn a lighter violet, penetrate plastic sections easier than H and E

19
Q

_____________ -_______ is used for differential staining of cellular componants, particularly cytoplasmic granules

A

toludine blue

20
Q

wright giemsa stain is for_______ _________

A

blood smears

21
Q

describe the componants of the wright giemsa stain?

A
  • azure blue stains white blood cell granules basophilic or neutrophilic
  • eosin for RBC and eosinophilic WBC
  • methylene blue stains nuclei
22
Q

what is silver impregnation used for?

A

specificity provided by what silver is complexed and pH of staining solution, used to trace nerves, stain golgi and reticular fibres

23
Q

lipids undergoe _______ because paraffin processing will extract lipids

A

cryosections

24
Q

what are 4 lipid and fat stains?

A
  1. sudan black
  2. sudan IV (red )
  3. congo red
  4. Osmium tetroxide (black)
25
Q

what is enzyme histochemistry?

A

Care during fixation to preserve enzyme activity. A specific enzyme catalyzed reaction is preformed with the section and the reaction product is visualized as an insoluble precipitated on the section.

26
Q

what are some fluorescent stains?

A

acridine orange- binds nucleic acids

DAPI - binds DNA and fluorescein-phalloidin binds actin

27
Q

what is microscopic autoradiography?

A

Radiolabeled molecule is injected into animal (e.g. 3H-fucose) and animal sacraficed.
Sections are coated with photographic emulsion, exposed and developed.
Microscopic autoradiography reveals location of newly synthesized glycoproteins containing fucose.

28
Q

autoradiographs are?

A

are tissue preparations in which particles called silver grains indicate the cells or regions of cells in which specific macromolecules were synthesized just prior to fixation

29
Q

what is in situ hybridization?

A

ISH ( localize the cells expressing a gene (DNA) or transcript (mRNA) of interest

30
Q

_____ -______ are used to make specific antibodies by injecting with molecular of interest

A

host animals

31
Q

antibodies are purified and used for either ____ or _______ immunolabeling of sections

A

direct or indirect

32
Q

what are some benefits for confocal microscopy?

A
  • reduced blurring of the image from light scatterign
  • increased effective resolution
  • improved signal to noise ratio
  • clear examination of thick specimens
33
Q

in TEM staining ______ fixation provides contrast

A

osmium

34
Q

counter staining with heavy metals in done in TEM staining why?

A

provides electron density to section

  1. uranyl acetate
  2. lead citrate
35
Q

stains are selective ( T or F)

A

TRUE

36
Q

____ and _____ are important in clinical diagnostics

A

IHC and ISH

Histology (13 decks)

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