Sensory (*)

Question 1

what are the 3 main function of the eye?

Answer 1

1. Capture the light, regulate the amount of light entering eye
2. Focus the image on the retina
3. Transform the image into neural

Question 2

what is a snellen chart?

Answer 2

eye chartthat can be used to measure visualacuity.

Question 3

Acuity means?

Answer 3

sharpness

Question 4

what does the sagittal section of the eye show?

Answer 4

the interrelationships among the major ocular structures, the three major layers or tunics of the wall, important regions within those layers, and the refractive elements (cornea, lens, and vitreous)

Question 5

describe the stroma

Answer 5

comprises approximately 90% of the cornea’s thickness, consisting of some 60 layers of long type I collagen fibers arranged in a precise orthogonal array and alternating with flattened cells called keratocytes. Also lined with endothelium internally

Question 6

what does the aqueous humor do?

Answer 6

continuously flowing liquid that carries metabolites to and from cells and helps maintain an optimal microenvironment within the anterior cavity of the eye

Question 7

the aqueous humour is secreted from __________ processes into the posterior chamber of the anterior cavity, flows into the anterior chamber through the ________, and drains into the_____ _________ ________

Answer 7

ciliar, pupil, scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

Question 8

what is located at the circumfrence of the cornea?

Answer 8

limbus or corneoscleral junction

Question 9

what is the function of the iris?

Answer 9

regulates the amount of light to which the retina is exposed

Question 10

the intraocular lens consists of which 4 parts?

Answer 10

1. lens capsule
2. lens epithelium
3. differentiating lens fibers
4. mature lens fibers

Question 11

The lens is a _________, _________ tissue that focuses light on the retina

Answer 11

transparent, elastic

Question 12

Surrounding the entire lens is a thick, homogenous external lamina called the _______ ________

Answer 12

lens capsule

Question 13

Differentiating lens fibers still have their nuclei but are greatly elongating and filling their cytoplasm with proteins called ________

Answer 13

crystallins

Question 14

mature lens fibers have lost their _________ and become densely packed to produce a unique transparent structure

Answer 14

nuclei

Question 15

To see closer objects, the ciliary muscle fibers _________, changing the shape of the ciliary body, relaxing tension on the ciliary zonule, and allowing the lens to assume the more rounded shape.

Answer 15

contract

Question 16

The retina is the thick layer of the eye inside the ________

Answer 16

choroid

Question 17

what is the sclera?

Answer 17

lateral wall of an eyes dense connective tissue

Question 18

what is the choroid?

Answer 18

lateral wall of an eyes loose, vascular connective -tissue

Question 19

_________ are prominent in the choroid, especially in its outer region, the suprachoroidal lamina

Answer 19

Melanocytes

Question 20

choroidocapillary lamina does what?

Answer 20

has a rich microvasculature that helps provide O2 and nutrients to the adjacent retina

Question 21

what is Bruch’s layer?

Answer 21

Between the choroid and the retina is a thin layer of extracellular material

Question 22

The _______ layer of the retina is the pigmented layer

Answer 22

outer

Question 23

what are the general layers of the retina?

Answer 23

1. Photosensitive (neural retina)
2. Non-sensitive (pigmented layer) RPE retinal pigmented epithelium:
   cuboial; blood-nerve barrier

Question 24

what are the types cells in the retina?

Answer 24

1. pigmented cells
2. Photoreceptors
3. Conducing neurons
4. Association neurons
5. Supporting glial cells

Question 25

what are the 10 specific layers of the retina?

Answer 25

1. inner limiting layer
2. nerve fiber layer
3. ganglionic layer
4. inner plexiform layer
5. inner nuclear layer
6. outer plexiform layer
7. outer nuclear layer
8. outer limiting layer
9. rod and cone layer
10. non-neural pigmented layer

Question 26

what is the difference between rod and cone cells?

Answer 26

The outer limiting layer is the line of adherent junctions that attach the rod and cone inner segments to the distal ends of the Müller glial cells (not shown). The membranous discs of the cone outer segments are continuous with the cell membrane; those of the rods are not

Question 27

the eyelid has _______ covering the inner surface?

Answer 27

conjunctiva

Question 28

what do lacrimal glands do?

Answer 28

secrete most components of the tear film that moisturizes, lubricates, and helps protect the eyes

Question 29

what are the 3 parts to the ear?

Answer 29

The external, middle, and internal regions

Question 30

what is located in the internal ear?

Answer 30

consists of a cavity in the temporal bone, the bony labyrinth, which houses a fluid-filled membranous labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth includes the vestibular organs for the sense of equilibrium and balance (the saccule, utricle, and semicircular ducts) and the cochlea for the sense of hearing.

Question 31

what are the two sensory areas called in the ear, where do they occur? and describe the function

Answer 31

maculae occur in the membranous labyrinth of the vestibular utricle and saccule, both specialized for detecting gravity and endolymph movements.

Question 32

_____ cells and _______cells are part of an epithelium with tight junctions

Answer 32

Hair, supporting

Question 33

Each of the semicircular ducts has an expanded end called the _________ (ear)

Answer 33

ampulla

Question 34

The wall of each ampulla is raised as a ridge called the ________ __________ (ear)

Answer 34

crista ampullaris

Question 35

what is the auditory part of the inner ear?

Answer 35

cochlea