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Histology > Gut (*) > Flashcards

Gut (*) Flashcards

1
Q

what does the digestive tract include?

A

The digestive system consists of the tract from the mouth (oral cavity) to the anus, as well as the digestive glands emptying into this tract, primarily the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

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2
Q

what are the 4 main layers of the small intestine?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis
  4. serosa
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3
Q

what are the major stomach regions?

A
  1. cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. body
  4. Pylorus
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4
Q

how many layers does the muscularis have?

A

3

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5
Q

The mucosa of the stomach wall contains invaginations called _________ _____that lead into gastric glands. These structures are lined by simple columnar epithelium containing five functional cell types.

A

gastric pits

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6
Q

Throughout the ______and body regions of the stomach, the gastric pits lead to gastric glands with various cell types.

A

fundus

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7
Q

a transverse section of gastric glands would show what 3 major cells?

A
  1. Parietal cells
  2. Chief cells
  3. enteroendocrine cells
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8
Q

what are the inner two concetric layers of the gut?

A

mucosa and submucosa

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9
Q

what increases the absorptive area of the small intestine?

A

mucosa and submucosa forms circulr folds or plicae circulares

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10
Q

plicae circulares are covered by _______

A

villi

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11
Q

villus contains lamina propria connective tissue with microvasculature and lymphatics are called what?

A

lacteals

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12
Q

At the apical cell membrane of each enterocyte in the small intestine are located dense ___________, which serve to increase greatly the absorptive surface of the cell

A

microvilli

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13
Q

The apical ends of these cells covering villi are joined and covered by a ________ _________of microvilli

A

brush border

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14
Q

The lining near the openings of the crypts contains a population of stem cells for the entire epithelial lining of the small intestine. Daughter cells slowly move with the growing epithelium out of the crypts, differentiating as what 3 things?

A

as goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells

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15
Q

The villi of the small intestine contain?

A

blood microvasculature , lymphatic capillaries called lacteals , and both innervation and smooth muscle fibers.

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16
Q

Concentrated in the upper duodenum are large masses of compound branched ___________ ____________

A

mucous glands

17
Q

The muscularis has a typical inner circular layer, but the outer longitudinal muscle is only present in three equally spaced bands, the _______ ________

A

teniae coli

18
Q

About 90% of saliva is produced by three bilateral pairs of salivary glands?

A

the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

19
Q

________ ________ are typical protein-secreting cells, with rounded nuclei, accumulation of rough ER in the basal third, and an apex filled with protein-rich secretory granules

A

serous cells

20
Q

The nuclei of ________cells, flattened with condensed chromatin, are located near the bases of the cells

A

mucous

21
Q

The _________ -_______ are composed of columnar cells with characteristics of ion-transporting cells: basal membrane invaginations with mitochondrial accumulations

A

striated ducts

22
Q

In the pancreas under the influence of _________, the centroacinar and intercalated duct cells secrete a copious HCO3−-rich fluid that hydrates, flushes, and alkalinizes the enzymatic secretion of the acini

A

secretin

23
Q

what are pancreatic islets?

A

clumped masses of pale-staining endocrine cells embedded in the exocrine acinar tissue of the pancreas

24
Q

what are hepatic lobules

A
  • in the liver

- basic functional units of the organ

25
Q

what is the portal triad?

A

in the liver, the peripheral vessels are grouped in connective tissue of the portal tracts and include a branch of the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a branch of the bile duct

26
Q

blood vessels in the portal triad branch as _________________, which run between plates of hepatocytes and drain into the ______ vein

A

sinusoids, central

27
Q

RER is primarily engaged in synthesis of ________ ________ for release into the perisinusoidal space

A

plasma proteins

28
Q

What are cholangiocytes?

A

Near the periphery of each hepatic lobule, many bile canaliculi join with the much larger bile canals of Hering, which are lined by cuboidal epithelial cells

29
Q

what are Kupffer cells?

A
  • specialized stellate macrophages

- detect and phagocytose effete erythrocytes

Histology (13 decks)

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