Staging Of Cancer

Question 1

Staging

Answer 1

Is the process of finding out how much cancer is in a person’s body & where it is located. This helps plan a treatment and to predict a person’s outlook (prognosis.)

Is usually determined by 3 factors: size & growth of the tumor, whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

Question 2

TNM system

Answer 2

Is one of the most widely used cancer staging systems.
T
N
M

Question 3

Primary Tumor (T)

Answer 3

The size and/or extent (reach) of the primary tumor
TX
T0
Tis
T1, T2, T3, T4

Question 4

Regional Lymph Nodes (N)

Answer 4

Spread to nearby lymph nodes
NX
N0
N1, N2, N3

Question 5

Distant Metastasis (M)

Answer 5

Presence of metastasis (spread to other parts of the body)

Question 6

TX

Answer 6

Primary tumor cannot be evaluated

Question 7

T0

Answer 7

No evidence of primary tumor

Question 8

Tis

Answer 8

Carcinoma in situ

Question 9

T1, T2, T3, T4

Answer 9

Size and/or extent of the primary tumor

Question 10

NX

Answer 10

Regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated

Question 11

N0

Answer 11

No regional lymph node involvement

Question 12

N1, N2, N3

Answer 12

Degree of regional lymph node involvement (number & location of lymph nodes)

Question 13

MX

Answer 13

Distant metastasis cannot be evaluated

Question 14

M0

Answer 14

No distant metastasis

Question 15

M1

Answer 15

Distant metastasis is present

Question 16

Stages

Answer 16

Stage 0
Stage 1, 2, 3
Stage 4

Question 17

Stage 0

Answer 17

Carcinoma in situ

Question 18

Stage 1, 2, 3

Answer 18

Higher numbers indicate more extensive disease: Large tumor size and/or spread of the cancer beyond the organ in which it first developed to nearby lymph nodes and/or tissue or organs adjacent to the location of the primary tumor

Question 19

Stage 4

Answer 19

The cancer has spread to distant tissue or organs