Staging of Bowl Cancer Flashcards
list the layer of the bowl from outermost to innermost
serosa subserosa muscularis propria submucosa muscularis mucosa mucosa
what does the mucosa consist of
simple columnar epithelium (columnic glands, goblet and absorptive cells)
lamina propria (loose connective tissue between glands)
muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)
what colour are stained goblet cells
clear
describe the musclaris mucosa
solid dark pink layer, very thin, just under glands,
describe the submucosa
thick layer of connective tissue
describe the muscularis propria
solid, thick band of smooth muscle
what alongside serosa can be found on the outside of the bowl
fat
what is serosa
layer of connective tissue and fat (subserosa)with an outer cover of epithelium
what do non cancerous lymph nodes look like
spherical and well circumscribed
what do cancerous lymph nodes look like
lack organisation, presence of cystic spaces, tall dark tightly pack cells
what does TNM staging stand for
Tumour size
lymph Node involvement
Metastasis
what is Tis in bowl cancer
tumour in situ, contained within the lamina propria
what is T1 in bowl cancer
tumour has invaded the submucosa, not not the muscularis externa (propria)
what is T2 in bowl cancer
tumour has invaded the muscularis propria but not beyond
what is T3 in bowl cancer
tumour has invaded beyond the muscularis propria, into the serosa but has not perforated it
what is T4 in bowl cancer
tumour has directly invaded other organs or perforated visceral peritoneum
what is NX in bowl cancer
lymph nodes cannot be assesed
what is N0 in bowl cancer
no regional lymph node metastisis
what is N1 in bowl cancer
metastasis in 1-3 nearby lymph nodes
what is N2 in bowl cancer
metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes
what is M0 in bowl cancer
no metastasis to distant tissues
what is M1 in bowl cancer
metastasis to distant tissues
what is duke staging A
confined to bowl wall, no lymph metastasis
what is duke staging B
local spread outwidth bowl wall, no lymph node metastasis
what is duke staging C
lymph node metastasis
what is duke staging D
metastatic disease
what is adenocarcinoma
tumour originating from a gladular epithelium which has invaded beyond the site where the tissue is normally found
can be poorly or well differentiated (well= when they look like the tissues from which they originated)
what is adenoma
benign tumour of glandular epithelium, not evaded beyond epithelial basal lamina as benign, often display dysphagia
what is dysplasia
an expansion of numbers of immature cells that is restricted to the site where the cells are normally found
what is metastasis
spread of tumour from one site to a non adjacent site
