Oral Medicine Flashcards
give an example of an oro-facial infection
angular cheilitis
what can present in the mouth in patients with anaemia or haematinic deficiency
recurrent aphthous stomatitis- minor or major, or herpetiform,
how does crohns affect the mouth
direct involvement of the oral mucosa, blood loss, malabsorption
how does coeliac disease affect the mouth
malabsorption
what are the oral manifestations of direct involvement of crohns disease
oral ulceration, mucosal tags, cobblestone mucosa, swollen, angular cheilitis
what type of diabetes affects the mouth the most
type 2
what can type 2 diabetes cause in the mouth
thrush (acute psuedomembranous candidosis)
what does nicorandil do and what is it used to treat
increases blood flow through vessels, used for angina and as a potassium channel activator
what is an oral side effect of nicorandil
oral ulceration
what is a dermatological problem commonly associated with the mouth
lichen planus (non erosive and erosive (ulcersative))
what is an apthamology condition commonly associated with the mouth
mucous membrane pemphigoid
what is a rheumatological disease associated with the mouth
sjogrens syndrome- dry mouth and or dry eyes
what infectious diseases can manifest in the mouth
HIV/AIDS (hairy leukoplakia, kapsoi’s sarcoma, candidosis)
what is the most common oral cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
what are the characteristics of asymptomatic invasive oral cancers
surface texture; granular or smooth
elevated
usually no ulceration, bleeding or indurated (hardened)
colour change- white and red
how common is oral cancer
more than testicular and cervical cancer combined
what is happening to the incidence of oral cancer
increase in men and women
what worsens the prognosis of oral cancer
how far back it is in the mouth
is the incidence of oral cancer higher in england/scotland and men/women?
higher in scotland and in men
how is prevalence of oral cancer affected by age
increases with age
when should you refer someone on suspsicion of oral cancer
if something doesnt heal in 2 weeks or doesnt respond to treatment
what are the causes of oral cancer
tobacco, alcohol, (tobacco + alcohol), diet, HPV, UV light (lips), candida, syphilis, dental factors
why is cannibis potentially more harmful that tobacco
as smoke has more tar
what can chewing tobacco cause in the mouth
submucous fibrosis, pre malignant condition
what is the weekly alcohol limit
14 units
what is the units of binge drinking
8 in one session in men, 6 in women
what aspect of nutrition could mean an increased risk of oral cancer
low in Vit A (used to treat leukoplakia), C and iron
what is leukoplakia
atrophy of oral mucosa
what oral cancer is associated with HPV
oropharyngeal- oral sex
what else can cause red and white patches in the mouth
infection
what is erosive L.planus
skin condition in the mouth- redness can give rise to cancer
what are the high risk sites of mouth cancer
Soft (non keratinizing) sites
Eg ventral tongue/floor of mouth
Lateral tongue
what does non heamogenous mean
not smooth
what can submucous fibrosis affect
opening of the mouth
how does dyskeratosis present
Leukoplakia
Nail Dystrophy
Increased Skin Pigmentation
what can d.congenita cause
nail/skin changes
what is erythroleukoplasia
red patch on oral mucosa
what are the warning signs of oral cancer
Red / White/ Red & White lesion Ulcer (exclude trauma,drug,systemic etc ) Numb feeling eg lip,face Unexplained pain in mouth or neck Change in voice Dysphagia
what are the rarer orofacial manifestations of cancer
Drooping eye lid or facial palsy Fracture of mandible Double vision Blocked or bleeding from nose Facial swelling
what 4 key questions should you ask a patient who presents with a suspicious lesion
How long has lesion been present ?
Is it painful ?(pain is usually late manifestation of OC but would be expected if benign ulcer)
Does patient Smoke? & Drink?..how much?
What colour is the lesion?
why is distinguishing between painful and non painful legions important
as traumatic and infectious ulcers are painful, cancerous can be painless
what are the main oral diseases that have a significant affect on public health
tooth decay (dental caries), gum disease (periodontal disease), oral cancer
what aspects of a patients life does oral health impact
physcial health (diet, dentition) social, psychological health
what are causes of dental caries
acids produced by bacteria in the presence of sugar
how are dental caries measured
decayed (present), missing (past treatment), filled (past treatment)
what public heath factor are caries associated with
socio-economic staus
what are periodontal diseases
Group of related conditions, both acute and chronic, characterised by inflammation of the periodontal tissues in response to the presence of dental plaque
give examples of periodontal diseases
Gingivitis Chronic periodontitis Aggressive periodontitis Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) Periodontal abscess Perio-endo lesion Gingival enlargement
what diseases have periodontal diseases been associated with
Atherosclerosis, stroke, MI Adverse pregnancy outcomes Diabetes Respiratory infections Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis Obesity
how are periodontal diseases treated
Oral Hygiene Stop smoking Scaling and root planing Surgery Long term maintenance Extraction
