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GI > Oral Medicine > Flashcards

Oral Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

give an example of an oro-facial infection

A

angular cheilitis

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2
Q

what can present in the mouth in patients with anaemia or haematinic deficiency

A

recurrent aphthous stomatitis- minor or major, or herpetiform,

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3
Q

how does crohns affect the mouth

A

direct involvement of the oral mucosa, blood loss, malabsorption

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4
Q

how does coeliac disease affect the mouth

A

malabsorption

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5
Q

what are the oral manifestations of direct involvement of crohns disease

A

oral ulceration, mucosal tags, cobblestone mucosa, swollen, angular cheilitis

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6
Q

what type of diabetes affects the mouth the most

A

type 2

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7
Q

what can type 2 diabetes cause in the mouth

A

thrush (acute psuedomembranous candidosis)

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8
Q

what does nicorandil do and what is it used to treat

A

increases blood flow through vessels, used for angina and as a potassium channel activator

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9
Q

what is an oral side effect of nicorandil

A

oral ulceration

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10
Q

what is a dermatological problem commonly associated with the mouth

A

lichen planus (non erosive and erosive (ulcersative))

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11
Q

what is an apthamology condition commonly associated with the mouth

A

mucous membrane pemphigoid

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12
Q

what is a rheumatological disease associated with the mouth

A

sjogrens syndrome- dry mouth and or dry eyes

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13
Q

what infectious diseases can manifest in the mouth

A

HIV/AIDS (hairy leukoplakia, kapsoi’s sarcoma, candidosis)

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14
Q

what is the most common oral cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of asymptomatic invasive oral cancers

A

surface texture; granular or smooth
elevated
usually no ulceration, bleeding or indurated (hardened)
colour change- white and red

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16
Q

how common is oral cancer

A

more than testicular and cervical cancer combined

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17
Q

what is happening to the incidence of oral cancer

A

increase in men and women

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18
Q

what worsens the prognosis of oral cancer

A

how far back it is in the mouth

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19
Q

is the incidence of oral cancer higher in england/scotland and men/women?

A

higher in scotland and in men

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20
Q

how is prevalence of oral cancer affected by age

A

increases with age

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21
Q

when should you refer someone on suspsicion of oral cancer

A

if something doesnt heal in 2 weeks or doesnt respond to treatment

22
Q

what are the causes of oral cancer

A

tobacco, alcohol, (tobacco + alcohol), diet, HPV, UV light (lips), candida, syphilis, dental factors

23
Q

why is cannibis potentially more harmful that tobacco

A

as smoke has more tar

24
Q

what can chewing tobacco cause in the mouth

A

submucous fibrosis, pre malignant condition

25
Q

what is the weekly alcohol limit

A

14 units

26
Q

what is the units of binge drinking

A

8 in one session in men, 6 in women

27
Q

what aspect of nutrition could mean an increased risk of oral cancer

A

low in Vit A (used to treat leukoplakia), C and iron

28
Q

what is leukoplakia

A

atrophy of oral mucosa

29
Q

what oral cancer is associated with HPV

A

oropharyngeal- oral sex

30
Q

what else can cause red and white patches in the mouth

A

infection

31
Q

what is erosive L.planus

A

skin condition in the mouth- redness can give rise to cancer

32
Q

what are the high risk sites of mouth cancer

A

Soft (non keratinizing) sites
Eg ventral tongue/floor of mouth
Lateral tongue

33
Q

what does non heamogenous mean

A

not smooth

34
Q

what can submucous fibrosis affect

A

opening of the mouth

35
Q

how does dyskeratosis present

A

Leukoplakia
Nail Dystrophy
Increased Skin Pigmentation

36
Q

what can d.congenita cause

A

nail/skin changes

37
Q

what is erythroleukoplasia

A

red patch on oral mucosa

38
Q

what are the warning signs of oral cancer

A 
Red / White/ Red & White lesion
Ulcer (exclude trauma,drug,systemic etc )
 Numb feeling eg lip,face
Unexplained pain in mouth or neck
Change in voice
Dysphagia
39
Q

what are the rarer orofacial manifestations of cancer

A 
Drooping eye lid or facial palsy
Fracture of mandible
Double vision
Blocked or bleeding from nose
Facial swelling
40
Q

what 4 key questions should you ask a patient who presents with a suspicious lesion

A

How long has lesion been present ?
Is it painful ?(pain is usually late manifestation of OC but would be expected if benign ulcer)
Does patient Smoke? & Drink?..how much?
What colour is the lesion?

41
Q

why is distinguishing between painful and non painful legions important

A

as traumatic and infectious ulcers are painful, cancerous can be painless

42
Q

what are the main oral diseases that have a significant affect on public health

A

tooth decay (dental caries), gum disease (periodontal disease), oral cancer

43
Q

what aspects of a patients life does oral health impact

A 
physcial health (diet, dentition)
social, psychological health
44
Q

what are causes of dental caries

A

acids produced by bacteria in the presence of sugar

45
Q

how are dental caries measured

A

decayed (present), missing (past treatment), filled (past treatment)

46
Q

what public heath factor are caries associated with

A

socio-economic staus

47
Q

what are periodontal diseases

A

Group of related conditions, both acute and chronic, characterised by inflammation of the periodontal tissues in response to the presence of dental plaque

48
Q

give examples of periodontal diseases

A 
Gingivitis
Chronic periodontitis
Aggressive periodontitis
Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) 
Periodontal abscess
Perio-endo lesion
Gingival enlargement
49
Q

what diseases have periodontal diseases been associated with

A 
Atherosclerosis, stroke, MI
Adverse pregnancy outcomes 
Diabetes
Respiratory infections
Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis
Obesity
50
Q

how are periodontal diseases treated

A 
Oral Hygiene
Stop smoking
Scaling and root planing 
Surgery 
Long term maintenance 
Extraction

GI (64 decks)

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