Radiology and Anatomy- good revision Flashcards
what can ultrasound penetrate
gas filled structures
what can cause indentation of an oesophagus on an CT
anatomical structures e.g. arch of the aorta
what is the oesophagus posterior to at the thoracic inlet
trachea and great vessels
how does the oesophagus descend in relation to the aorta and the left main bronchus
descends adjacent to aorta and passes posterior to left main bronchus
how is the oesophagus related to the heart
passes posterior to the heart, indented by the left atrium
via what does the oesophagus transverse the diaphragm
via the oesophageal hiatus
where does the oesophagus join the stomach
at the gastro-oesophageal junction
at what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm
t 10
at what level does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm
t 8
at what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm
t 12
what is in the right upper quadrant
liver, gall bladder, biliary tree, duodenum (1st-3rd parts), pancreatic head, colon (hepatic flexure, AC, TC), right kidney/ adrenal gland
what is the blood supply to the kidney
portal vein (80%) hepatic arteries (20%)
describe the venous drainage of the liver
via hepatic veins to IVC
what forms the common hepatic duct
right and left hepatic ducts
what forms the common bile duct
the cystic duct (drains the gall bladder) and the common hepatic duct
where does the common bile duct drain
into the 2nd part of the duodenum via the ampulla of vater
what is the role of bile
emulsifies fat in digestion
what forms a c shape around the pancreatic head
the duodenum
where is the ampulla of vater located in the duodenum
medial wall of the 2nd part
what parts of the duodenum are retro/ intra peritonal
the 2nd part is retroperitoneal, rest intraperitoneal
where does part one of the duodenum start
at the pylorus
what directions are the different parts of the duodenum travelling in
1- up and back
2- descends vertically
3- horizontal, inferior to pancreas
4- upwards to DJ flexure and ligament of triez
what is the ligament of treiz
the suspensory ligament of the duodenum
is the pancreas intra or retro peritoneal
retroperitoneal
what are the parts of the pancreas
uncinate process, head, neck. body and tail
what does the pancreatic duct go into
joins common bile duct and drains into ampulla of vater
what does the splenic vein join with
SMV to from the portal vein
what is in the left upper quadrant
spleen, stomach, small bowl, pancreatic tail, colon (splenic flexure, DC, TC), left kidney/ adrenal gland
where is the stomach
crosses midline left upper quadrant to epigastrium (gasto oesophageal junction to plyorus)
what are rugae
folds in the walls of the stomach that increase surface area and allow expansion
what is the lesser curvature of the stomach suspended on
the lesser omentum
what is suspended from the greater curvature of the stomach
greater omentum
what forms the right and left borders of the stomach
right= lesser left= greater
what are the four parts of the stomach
fundus, body, antrum, pylorus
what structures is the stomach closely related to
left diaphragm, spleen, liver, colon and pancreas
what is the blood supply of the stomach
aterial supply from branches of the coeliac axis
venous drainage via tributaries to the SMV and portal vein
what are the branches of the ceoliac axis
left gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries
where does the mesentery attach in relation to the aorta
jejunum mesentery= left of the aorta
ileum mesentery= right of the aorta
what is the blood supply to the small bowl
branches of the SMA
what does the IMA supply
last 1/3rd of the colon and the rectum
what does the left renal vein have to cross to get into the IVC
the aorta
what is the venous drainage of the small bowl
drains via branches into the SMV
what is the role of the terminal ileum
conveys waste to the caecum
reabsorbs bile salts
where in the spleen
left upper quadrant
what system is the spleen part of
the recticulo-endothelial system
what structures id the spleen closely related to
close relations to the stomach, left diaphragm, left kidney and tail of pancreas
where is the splenic vein
just underneath the pancreas
what is the blood supply of the spleen
arterial= splenic artery (a branch of the coeliac axis)
venous= splenic vein to portal
what is in the right iliac fossa
caecum/ terminal ileum, appendix, right ureter (ovary/ fallopian tube/uterus), bladder
what is the left iliac fossa
sigmoid colon, left ureter (ovary/ fallopian tube/ uterus), bladder
what is a common cause of pain in the left iliac fossa
diverticulus
list the parts of the colon
caecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sgigmoid colon and rectum
where does the appendix arise from
the caecum
which flexure of the colon is lower
hepatic
where does the sigmoid colon run from- to
rectum to descending colon
what is the role of the rectum
stores faeces prior to defecation
what is the rectum posterior to
vaginal/ prostate and seminal vesicles
what does the rectum lie posterior to
sacrum/ coccyx
what muscle is the external anal sphincter part of
levator ani
Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?
caecum
intra
Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?ascending and descending colon
retro
Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?
transverse
intra- suspended on a mesentery
Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?
sigmoid
intra- suspended on a mesentery
Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?
rectum
upper 2/3 covered by peritoneum, lower 1/3 below peritoneal reflection- extra peritoneum
what arteries does the SMA form
middle colic, right colic, ileocolic arteries
what parts of the colon does the SMA supply
caecum, ascending and proximal transverse
what does the IMA form
left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal
what parts of the colon does the IMA supply
transverse, descending, sigmoid and upper rectum
