Stages of Psychosocial development- Erikson

Question 1

TRUST VS MISTRUST

Answer 1

( 0-1)
dependence on caregivers – Infants rely on caregivers to meet their needs.
Trust – When needs are met, trust is nurtured, leading to healthier future relationships.

Mistrust – If needs are unmet, mistrust develops, leading to fearful, paranoid relationships.

Question 2

AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND
DOUBT

Answer 2

(1-3)
Independence – Toddlers begin exploring and becoming independent.

Autonomy – Encouraging independent choices fosters future independence.

Shame and doubt – Discouraging independence leads to shame, doubt, and poor decision-making skills.

Question 2

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

Answer 2

(4-6)
Social play – Children start interacting and playing with others.

Initiative – Encouraging initiative builds self-confidence.

Guilt – Doubting initiative leads to feelings of guilt and believing they’ve done something wrong.

Question 2

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY

Answer 2

(7-12)
Children who feel inadequate or lack encouragement may develop a sense of inferiority.

Pride in achievements fosters a sense of industry and competence

Question 3

IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION

Answer 3

(13-19)
Identity – A strong sense of who you are, your beliefs, and your values.

Role confusion – Uncertainty about identity and future goals, leading to a weak sense of self if unresolved.

Question 3

INTIMACY VS ISOLATION

Answer 3

(19-30)
Intimacy – Young adults seek strong, committed romantic relationships.

Self-identity – A strong sense of self is needed to form intimate connections; lack of intimacy can lead to isolation and loneliness.

Question 4

GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION

Answer 4

(30-64)
Generativity – Evaluating life’s meaning through contributing to others and future generations (e.g., raising children, volunteering).

Stagnation – A sense of disconnect from society, focusing too much on oneself, sometimes leading to a mid-life crisis.

Question 5

INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR

Answer 5

(64+)
Integrity – Reflecting on life with satisfaction, pride, and acceptance.

Despair – Regret and bitterness from feeling that life’s goals were not achieved.

Question 6

LIMITATIONS OF PIAGET’S
RESEARCH

Answer 6

Age ranges – Some psychologists argue the age ranges in Erikson’s stages are inaccurate.

Cultural bias – The model does not account for cultural differences, as it was based on research from Western, white individuals.