Stages of Motor Development Locomotor Flashcards
Initial Galloping
resembles rhythmically uneven running, trail leg crosses in front of lead leg during air borne phase, lead leg remains in front at contact, arms of little use
Elementary Galloping
slow-moderate temp, choppy, rhythm, trail leg stiff, hips often oriented sideways, vertical component exaggerated
Mature Galloping
smooth, rhythmical pattern, moderate temp, feet remain close to ground, hips oriented forward
Sliding Initial
choppy run, resembles rhythmically uneven run, trail leg crosses in front o f lead leg during airborne phase, remains in front at contact, little arm action
Elementary Sliding
stiff back/trail leg, slow/moderate temp, choppy rhythm, hips oriented sideways, vertical component exaggerated
Mature Sliding
smooth (rhythmical pattern, moderate tempo), feet remain close to ground, hips oriented forward, moving sideways while facing direction of movement
Initial Skipping
ineffective arm pattern, slow (deliberate movement), broken skip pattern or irregular rhythm
Elementary Skipping
rhythmical skip pattern, arms provide body lift, excessive vertical component
Mature Skipping
Arm action reduced/hands below shoulders, easy (rhythmical movement), support foot near surface on hop
Initial Horizontal Jumping
eyes focused forward, bends knees “crouch”, large vertical component “short jump”, legs not extended n flights, arms act as breaks, body weight is backwards at landing, may be difficult using both feet
Elementary 2 Horizontal Jumping
bends knees in prep for jump, eyes focused forward, arms in circular motion, winged arms, vertical component on take off, body in flight near extension, body weight is forward at landing
Elementary 3 Horizontal Jumping
bends knees in prep for jump, take off angle above 45 degrees, legs often extended, arms swing to head and continue moving in a forward direction, lands on 2 feet w/ body weight forward
Mature Horizontal Jumping
arms extend to head before take off, arms wing in a backwards direction, complete extension of arms and legs at take off (sets apart from 3), thighs parallel to surface or contact for landing, body weight moves forward throughout jump
Initial Leaping
child appears confused in attempts, inability to push off and gain distance and elevation, each attempt looks like another running step, inconsistent use of take off leg, arms ineffective
Elementary 2 Leaping
appears to be thinking through the action, attempt looks like elongated run, little elevation above supporting surface, little forward trunk lean
Elementary 3 Leaping
arms used as balance, not as aid in force production, stiff appearance in trunk, incomplete extension of legs during flight
Mature Leaping
definite forward trunk lean, good summation of horizontal and vertical forces, forceful extension of take off, full extension of legs during flight, definite arm opposition, actions were relaxed and rhythmical
Initial Running
arms are at a high guard, flat footed contact, short wide strides, shoulder with, legs and arms swing out, no flight
Elementary 2 Running
arms are at a middle guard, vertical component is still great, increase in stride, increase arm swing
Elementary 3 Running
arms at low guard, arm opposition, elbows nearly extended, heal-toe contact
Mature Running
heal-toe contact, arm-leg opposition, high heel recovery, elbow flexion
Initial Hopping
nonsupport foot in front w/ thigh parallel to floor floor, body erect, hands shoulder height
Elementary 2 Hopping
nonsupport knee flexed w/ knee in front and foot behind support leg, slight body lean forward, bilateral arm action
Elementary 3 Hopping
nonsupport thigh vertical w/ foot behind support leg, knee flexed, more body lean forward, bilateral arm action
Mature Hopping
nonsupport leg is bent, knee pumps forward and back in perpendicular action, forward body lean, arm opposition w/ swing leg
