Stages of learning, guidance and feedback

Question 1

Name 3 characteristics of the cognitive stage of learning

Answer 1

• no motor programme
• lots of trial and error
• reinforcement is crucial

Question 2

Name 3 characteristics of the associative stage of learning

Answer 2

• motor programme starts to form
• lots of practice
• can start to use extrinsic feedback

Question 3

Name 3 characteristics of the autonomous stage of learning

Answer 3

• skills are automatic
• skill is fluent
• can use intrinsic and extrinsic feedback affectively

Question 4

EQ. State 2 ways in which a coach could help a performer who is in the cognitive stage of learning move on to the associative stage of learning (2 marks)

Answer 4

• lots of positive feedback

- make them practice a lot

Question 5

Give 2 advantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 5

• the feedback is likely to be correct if the performer is in the autonomous stage of learning
• they don’t need to rely on anyone else so they can develop feedback on their own

Question 6

Give a disadvantage of intrinsic feedback

Answer 6

the feedback may not be accurate or correct if the performer is in the cognitive stage of learning

Question 7

Give 2 advantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 7

• the coach can see what’s happening in the match so the feedback is more objective
• feedback from someone experienced is more likely to be accurate and correct

Question 8

Give a disadvantage of extrinsic feedback

Answer 8

you may become reliant on extrinsic feedback

Question 9

EQ. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using intrinsic and extrinsic feedback when performing skills in sport (6 marks)

Answer 9

+ve the feedback is likely to be correct if the performer is in the autonomous stage of learning
+ve they don’t need to rely on anyone else so they can develop feedback on their own
-ve the feedback may not be accurate or correct if the performer is in the cognitive stage of learning
+ve the coach can see what’s happening in the match so the feedback is more objective
-ve feedback from someone experienced is more likely to be accurate and correct
-ve you may become reliant on extrinsic feedback

Question 10

EQ. Evaluate the use of verbal guidance and visual guidance in the learning of movement skills. (6 marks)

Answer 10

+ve verbal guidance is quick to give
+ve good for autonomous learners
-ve not good for cognitive learners
+ve visual guidance is good for cognitive learners
+ve helps build up mental imagery
-ve ineffective if demonstration is incorrect

Question 11

Whats Knowledge of performance (KOP) and an practical example

Answer 11

the information on how well the movement was executed e.g a coach explaining what a badminton player did well in a smash shot

Question 12

Whats Knowledge of results (KOR) and an practical example

Answer 12

is the information on the outcome e.g finding out you did 100m in 13s

Question 13

EQ. Give an example of mechanical guidance and an example of manual guidance for a swimmer. (2 marks)

Answer 13

• a float in swimming

- a coach physically adjusting a backstroke pose

Question 14

EQ. Give an example of extrinsic feedback and an example of intrinsic feedback for a tennis player. (2 marks)

Answer 14

• a coach telling the tennis player they are hitting their smash shot too low
• a tennis player feeling that they are hitting the smash shot correctly

Question 15

EQ. Suggest 2 reasons why visual guidance alone may not allow a performer to move from cognitive to associative. (2 marks)

Answer 15

• may not be give them a kinaesthetic feel of the movement

- demonstration may not be correct