Stages of Human Development Flashcards
Fluids from the prostate gland, seminal vesicle, and bulbourethral glands + sperm cell =?
sperm cell
Penis delivers semen to the female reproductive organ through this process.
sexual intercourse or copulation
The forceful expulsion of the sperm out of the male’s body.
Ejaculation
Only occurs when egg cell is fertilized by the sperm cell.
Fertilization
Volume of semen.
3.5ml, it has 300 to 400 million sperm cells
Matured egg cell is called:
“ova” or ovum, “oogonia” or oogonium
How many mature egg cells are there?
300 to 400
The first flow of the blood — menstruation period.
Menarch
It marks the end of the menstrual cycle.
Menopause
This, in the ovary, stimulates ovulation and production of estrogen and progesterone.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
This, in the ovary, stimulates growth of ovarian cycle.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
This stimulates sperm production.
Testes
These are responsible for driving sexual development (puberty).
Sex hormones
The main reproductive hormones.
Estrogen and Testosterone
It causes eggs to mature in ovaries once a girl hits puberty. These are then released at regular intervals during the menstrual cycle.
Estrogen
It triggers the development of secondary female characteristics (widening of the hips and enlargement of the breasts).
Estrogen*
It stimulates egg development.
Estrogen
Other hormones involved in the menstrual cycle.
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), causing the maturation of an egg in the ovary.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH), stimulating the release of the egg.
- Estrogen and Progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus lining.
Female Reproductive Cycles
- Ovarian Cycle
- Menstrual Cycle
This female reproductive cycle involves the ovary, prepares the egg for maturation.
Ovarian cycle
The monthly release of an ovum from the ovary.
Ovulation
Where ovum stays until it gets fertilized.
Fallopian tube/Oviduct
Two distinct phases of the Ovarian Cycle.
Follicular Phase and Luteal Phase
A cluster of cells that surrounds an immature egg cell and provides it with nutrients and protection.
Follicle
When does the follicular phase begin?
It begins when the anterior pituitary gland releases the FSH and LH into the bloodstream.
The two hormones that cause the follicle to produce estrogen.
FSH and LH
A sex hormone that aids the growth of the ovarian follicle in the ovary.
Estrogen
When does ovulation occur?
When the follicle bursts.
After ovulation, what phase begins?
Luteal Phase
It causes the cells of the ruptured follicle to grow, forming a corpus luteum.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
It is a yellowish mass of follicular cells.
Corpus Luteum
This hormone causes the corpus luteum to secrete both estrogen and progesterone.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
A sex hormone that signals the body to prepare for fertilization.
Progesterone
This female reproductive cycle involves the uterus, grooms the uterus for possible implantation and later on pregnancy.
Menstrual Cycle
How long does a normal menstrual cycle last?
28 days
The events in the menstrual cycle are controlled by?
estrogen and progesterone
What will happen if pregnancy does not occur?
The levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease, causing the lining of the uterus to be shed.
When this happens, the blood vessels break and bleeding occurs.
Stages of Human Development (Before Birth)
- Fertilization of the Ovum
- Embryonic Development
- Fetal Development
- Birth
Fertilization: Generalized Acrosomal Process
- Sperm makes contact with egg
- Acrosome reacts with zona pellucida
- Acrosome reacts with perivitelline space
- Plasma membranes of sperm and egg fuss
- Sperm nucleus enters egg
- Cortical granules fuse with egg plasma membrane, which renders the vitelline layer impenetrable to sperm
Nine month period.
Pregnancy
Starting from implantation of the zygote up to the first two months of pregnancy, the developing child is termed _.
Embryo
It forms and connects the placenta to the embryo.
Umbilical cord
It is a temporary organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy. It attaches to the uterus wall and provides nutrients and oxygen.
Placenta
During the 3rd week of pregnancy, this thin membrane begins to form around the embryo,
Amniotic sac
A clear liquid which help cushion and protect the embryo.
Amniotic fluid
During the 3rd month of pregnancy (1st to 12 weeks).
Fetal Development
The developing embryo begins to look more human (eyes, fingers, toes, arms, and legs developed) is now called a _.
fetus
- Fetal heart can be heard beating
- Mother starts feeling the movement of the fetus within the uterus
- Fetus begins to suck its thumb
- Skin and nails form
- Internal organs start to develop
Fetal Development (1st Trimester)
In this trimester, urine forms and the baby is beginning to make urine and release it into the amniotic fluid.
- baby’s sex becoming apparent
- baby’s scalp pattern develop
- baby’s eye move
- baby begins to hear
- hair forms on body and head
- facial features are obvious
- baby’s lungs develop
- baby responds to your voice
- baby’s skin is wrinkled
- baby’s hair becomes visible
- fingerprints and footprints form
2nd Trimester (Fetal Development)
In this trimester, baby will open his/her eyes, gain more weight and prepare for delivery.
- baby kicks and stretches
- baby’s hair grows
- baby practices breathing
- baby detects light
- baby’s fingernails grow
- baby’s skin is smooth
- baby’s toenails grow
- baby might turn head down
- baby’s chest is prominent
3rd/Last Trimester
At what week is a pregnant woman’s expected due date?
38 weeks or .40 weeks.
The expected date of delivery or expected due date/estimated due date.
EDD
In the 9th month, the fetus has usually rotated to a head-down position inside the uterus.
Birth
It begins with the onset of labor.
Birth process
Muscular contraction of the uterus.
Labor
The fetus exits through the vagina during a normal delivery.
Childbirth
Different stages in Birth.
Stage 1: Dilation
Stage 2: Birth
- 1.) Preservation of head
- 2.) Rotation and delivery of anterior shoulder
- 3.) Delivery of posterior shoulder
- 4.) Delivery of lower body and umbilical cord
Stage 3: Afterbirth delivery
Journey of an Egg
Step 1: Egg leaves ovary and enters the fallopian tube
Step 2: Sperm enters egg and unites with nucleus
Step 3: Fertilized egg divides
Step 4: Cells attach to uterus
Journey of an Egg
Step 1: Egg leaves ovary and enters the fallopian tube
Step 2: Sperm enters egg and unites with nucleus
Step 3: Fertilized egg divides
Step 4: Cells attach to uterus
