Optics: The Laws of Reflection Flashcards
Bouncing back of light in the original medium where it has been traveling.
Reflection
Image formed by mirror may be?
real or virtual
Increases virtual image if it is located behind the mirror.
plane mirror
Rough surface. Will be scattered in different reaction.
Diffuse Reflection
- formed
- behind the mirror
- no actual intersection
virtual image
What are the spherical mirrors?
Concave Mirrors and Convex Mirrors
real images
Concave Mirrors
virtual images
Convex Mirrors
source
point of contact
Mirrors cut out from spherical.
Spherical mirrors
Center of sphere from where mirror was taken.
center of curvature (C)
Center of mirror. Sometimes called “hole of the mirror”. Line that connects distance.
vertex (V)
Reflection from a mirror. Flat.
Regular Reflection
Distance between C (center of curvature) and V (vertex).
Radius of curvature (R)
Straight line joining C (center of curvature).
Principal Axis or Optical Axis
Thickness of mirror.
Aperture
Point where reflected rays meet. Sum to come where diverging mirror.
Principal focus (F)
Distance from vertex to principal focus. 1/2 of radius of curvature.
Focal length (f)
The 1st Law of Reflection.
The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror, all lie in the same plane.
The 2nd Law of Reflection.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
This defines that upon reflection from a smooth surface, the angle of the reflected ray is equal to the angle of the incident ray, with respect to the normal to the surface that is to a line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.
law of reflection
Always in the plane defined by the incident ray and the normal to the surface at the point of contact of the incident ray.
reflected ray
The process through which light rays fall on the surface and get bounced back.
reflection of light
Types of Reflection.
Regular Reflection and Irregular Reflection
The plane mirrors with a smooth surface produce this type of reflection. In this case, the image is clear and very much visible. The images produced by plane mirrors are always virtual, that is they cannot be collected on a screen.
Regular Reflection
In the case of curved mirrors with a smooth surface, we can see the images of reflection either virtually or really. That is, the images produced by curved mirrors can be either real (collected on a screen and seen), or virtual (cannot be collected on a screen, but only seen).
Regular Reflection
Unlike mirrors, most natural surfaces are rough on the scale of the wavelength of light, and as a consequence, parallel incident light rays are reflected in many different directions irregularly, or diffusely. Hence, diffuse reflection helps in seeing the objects and is responsible for the ability to see most illuminated surfaces from any position.
Irregular Reflection
It is virtual, erect, and of the same size of the object. The distance of the object from the _ is the same as the distance of the image from the _. This is laterally inverted.
Plane Mirror
By reflection of light, these give real, inverted images if the object is beyond the focus and a virtual, erect, enlarged image if the object has a distance less than the focal length from the pole of the mirror.
Concave Mirrors
1st Use of Concave Mirrors.
Concave mirrors are used in torches, searchlights, and headlights of vehicles to get powerful parallel beams of light.
2nd Use of Concave Mirrors.
Concave Mirrors are also used as shaving mirrors to see a larger image of the face.
3rd Use of Concave Mirrors.
Dentists use concave mirrors to see bigger images of the teeth of the patient.
4th Use of Concave Mirrors.
Large concave mirrors are used to focus sunlight to produce heat in the solar furnaces.
4th Use of Concave Mirrors.
Large concave mirrors are used to focus sunlight to produce heat in the solar furnaces.
By reflection of light, these give a virtual, erect, diminished image of the object kept in front of the mirror.
Convex Mirrors
1st Use of Convex Mirrors.
Used as a side-mirror in vehicles to give a smaller view of the vehicles coming from behind.
1st Use of Convex Mirrors.
Used as a side-mirror in vehicles to give a smaller view of the vehicles coming from behind.
2nd Use of Convex Mirrors.
Used in shops and supermarkets and any other place where there is a requirement for detecting burglars.
3rd Use of Convex Mirrors.
Used in making lenses for sunglasses.
4th Use of Convex Mirrors.
Used in magnifying glasses, and telescopes.
5th Use of Convex Mirrors.
Used to reflect street light; because they can reflect over a wide area.
6th Use of Convex Mirrors.
Kept at the street corners to avoid collisions.
1st Use of Reflection.
Used in periscopes to view advancing enemies on the battlefield from a safe position.
2nd Use of Reflection.
The reason why we see objects.
3rd Use of Reflection.
By a concave mirror and a convex mirror has many uses as listed above.
4th Use of Reflection.
Helps in medical diagnosis and optical communications.
5th Use of Reflection.
Light and sound both follow the law of reflection, both being waves.
6th Use of Reflection.
Using the law of reflection for sound and light, we can measure the distances accurately to objects.
7th Use of Reflection.
The reason why we hear the echo of sound.
This, in simple terms, is the bending of light when it passes from one transparent substance to another.
Refraction
It also happens with water, sound and other waves. Due to this bending, which causes _, we are able to have magnifying glasses, prisms, lenses, and rainbows. Our eyes would not be able to focus without _.
Refraction of Light
This is applicable in optics as well as technology. However, it mainly depends on the type of spherical lens, be it convex or concave.
Refraction
It is used for refraction in order to form an image like magnification.
lens
Another application of refraction which is how a white light passes through a glass prism splits it into the spectrum of colours.
VIBGYOR
The prime example of atmospheric refraction.
twinkling of stars–mirage
1st example of Refraction of Light in Real Life.
The formation of rainbow is termed as one of the most perfect examples of refraction as the sun rays bend through the rain drops which ultimately result in a rainbow.
_ as well as _ are the optical illusions which occurs due to the phenomena of refraction of light.
Mirage; looming
_ as well as _ are the optical illusions which occurs due to the phenomena of refraction of light.
Mirage; looming
Whenever this passes through a glass prism it splits into seven color components because of refraction of light.
white light
4th example of Refraction of Light in Real Life.
Whenever you felt that the swimming pool looked shallow than its actual depth, it was all because of refraction as the light coming from the bottom of the pool bends at the surface.
Two kinds of Lenses.
Convex and Concave
The type of lens that is used in making magnifying glasses. It is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges.
convex lens
A convex lens is also known as?
Converging Lens
It is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges. The refraction of light occurs outwards as it enters a _ and then as it leaves too.
concave lens
A concave lens is also known as?
Diverging Lens
This type of spectrum talks about how a white light passes through a prism and results in each color refracting at a very different angle.
Refraction in Spectrum
This color is on the extreme end of the refraction of spectrum while Red is the least.
Violet
A prism can be used in order to depict the _ colors in the spectrum.
VIBGOYR
These images are formed when real rays intersect.
Real images
These, like we saw for plane mirrors, are produced when rays have to be to find the point of intersection.
Virtual images
If you are looking into the mirror to see an image that is behind the mirror, the image is _. Remember that a mirror is opaque and light can’t pass through to the back and form a virtual image. A virtual image is an illusion.
virtual
A _ image is floating in front of the mirror. You have to put a screen (a sheet of paper or cloth) at just the right spot to actually see the image.
real
Convex mirrors do one thing:
they diverse light
These of incident light hit the mirror at various points.
Parallel rays
When each light ray is reflected, _.
the angle of reflection with respect to the normal line is the same as the angle of incidence
The reflected light rays appear to come from a point behind the mirror. It is virtual because it’s not really there. Our eyes and brains connect the dots and we see light rays emanating from behind the mirror.
virtual focus
A basic optical device that uses refraction on two surfaces to produce images.
lens
One whose thickness is small relative to its focal length, the radii of curvature of its two surfaces and to the object and image distances.
thin lens
A group of lenses that all bring light together.
converging lenses
Lenses that separate light in different directions.
diverging lenses
