Stages Of Attachment

Question 1

Study

Answer 1

Shaffer and Emerson
-60 babies 31 boys 29 girls from Glasgow
- mums visited every month for a year
-mums got asked questions about the kind of protests their babies showed during separation anxiety and stranger anxiety

Findings-
25-32 weeks 50% show separation anxiety towards specific attachment (caregiver who’s most interactive to infant)
By 40 weeks 80% have specific attachment and 30% have multiple attachment

Suppo

Question 2

Evaluation of study

Answer 2

✖️- socially desirable answers bias to their child
✖️culteral bias - lack population validity
✔️- researcher going in so check the account of child is accurate
✅- girls and boys no gender bias

Question 3

4 Stages of attachment

Answer 3

ALL INFANTS SAY MUM
1. Asocial stage
2. Indiscriminate attachment
3.specific attachment
4. Multiple attachment

Question 4

Stage 1

Answer 4

Asocial stage
birth- 6 weeks
- behaviour to humans and objects quite similar
-happier in presence of humans

Question 5

Stage 2

Answer 5

Indiscriminate stage - 2-7 months
- prefer people over objects
-perfer familiar adults
- no separation anxiety
-accept cuddles/ comfort from any adult

Question 6

Stage 3

Answer 6

Specific attachment 6-8 months
- stranger and separation anxiety towards particular adult (65% bio mum)
- formed specific attachment

Question 7

Stage 4

Answer 7

Multiple attachments 12 months
- attachment behaviour towards multiple attachments
Called secondary attachments eg grandparents
- 29% has secondary attachment within a month of their primary

Question 8

Role of the father

Answer 8

Only 3% primary caregiver
Grossman- fathers mainly secondary attachments still have important role for child through play and stimulation, which helps socialize the child.

Question 9

Same sex parentsv

Answer 9

Mccallum - kids in single or same sex parent families don’t develop differently.

Question 10

Traditional gender roles

Answer 10

Mothers the caregiver look after child and bkme cause theyre more sensitive then men.
Men go to work and provide for family therefore they don’t think they should act in a nurturing way because it’s the women job.

Question 11

Biology and care giver

Answer 11

Women may be biologically predisposed to be primary attachment figure was they have higher levels of oestrogen which enhances the hormone ‘oxytocin ‘love hormone’ make people more nurturing.

Men have high levels of testosterone which dampens their effects of oxytocin

Question 12

Modern day

Answer 12

Times have changed womens role isn’t to look after children and relationships have become more equal.
More women going to work and more fathers staying at home with kids.
Leads to implications for the economy - women going to work therefore paying taxes good for economy however men now entitled to paternity leave paid for by the gov

Question 13

Father and attachment
Quality of attachment for mother and father

Answer 13

75% of babies had attachment with dad by 18 months measured by baby becoming distressed when dad left the room (separation anxiety)

Grossman - quality of attachment with mother is more important than with fathers, fathers less important for long-term emotional development.
- social interactions are key to attachment not gender

Question 14

Study against biological reasoning

Answer 14

Isreal study
No biological research of why fathers can’t be primary caregiver .
Both develop neural pathways that make them more responsive to the emotional cues of the child.
- both brains released same amount of serotonin