Stages

Question 1

Stage 1 - The high fluctuating stage

Answer 1

crude birth rate is high and stable.

crude death rate is high and fluctuating due to disease, famine and war

• pop growth is very slow, may be periods of considerable decline
• Infant mortality high and life expectancy low.
• high prop of pop under the age of 15

society mainly dependent on subsistence

Question 2

Stage 2 - early expanding stage

Answer 2

death rate declines significantly

birth rate remains at previous level as social norms governing fertility take time to change

— as the gap widens between the 2 rates, the RATE OF NATURAL CHANGE INCREASES to a peak at hte end of this stage

• decline in mortality due to better nutrition, clean water etc

rural - urban migration occurs

e.g. Guatemala, Yemen

Question 3

Stage 3 - late expanding stage

Answer 3

• social norms adjust after a period of time to lower level of mortality + br begins to decline
• urbanisation slows, life expectancy increases

countries in this stage usually experience lower death rates than nations in the final stage due to relatively young population structures

Question 4

Stage 4: low fluctuating stage

Answer 4

birth and death rates are low. Former is slightly higher, fluctuating due to changing econ conditions.

— pop growth is slow

— deaht rates rise slightly as avg. age of pop increases

HOWEVER, life expectancy still improves as age specific mortality rates continue to fall

Question 5

Stage 5: The natural decrease stage

Answer 5

birth rate fallen below death rate, resuting in natural decrease

absence of net migration flows, populations are declinging