Stage 3 Guide Flashcards
What is Hypoxia and its symptoms
○ Lack of oxygen
Symptoms
■Feeling better
■ Headache
■ Slower reaction time
■ Impaired judgement
What are the types hypoxia
Hypoxic
Hypemic
Stagnant
Histotoxic
What is hypoxic and example
● Lack of oxygen due to atmospheric conditions
● Example: High altitudes where air is thinner
What is Hypemic and an example
● Inability to carry oxygen in blood cells
● Example: Anemia, disease, blood loss, deformed blood cells, or CO
poisoning
What is Stagnant and an example
● Lack of oxygen due to poor circulation of blood
● Example: Pulling excessive G’s
What is Histotoxic and an example
● Inability for body to use the oxygen
● Example: Drugs, alcohol
Oxygen requirements
■ Required for crew between 12,500’ - 14,000’ MSL for less then 30 minutes
■ Mandatory for crew when flying above 14,000’ MSL
■ Mandatory for crew and all passengers must be provided above 15,000’ MSL
● Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning
○ CO is odorless/colorless gas
○ Important to detect symptoms of self, crew, and passengers
Symptoms of carbon monoxide
■ Headache
■ Dizziness
■ Drowsiness
■ Confusion
■ Vomiting
■ Incapacitation
What causes carbon monoxide
● Exhaust escaping through crack in manifold or seals allow exhaust
fumes to mix with air and enter cabin
What do you do when you suspect carbon monoxide
■ Turn heater off
■ Open windows
■ Tell ATC you suspect CO poisoning
● Declare emergency
■ Land as soon as possible
What is Hyperventilation and what does it result in
○ Rapid breathing/abnormal volume of air breathed in and out of lungs
○ Results in decrease of carbon dioxide (CO2) content in blood
What cause’s hyperventilation
■ Stress
■ Panic
■ Anxiety
What are symptoms of hyperventilation
■ Lightheadedness
■ Nausea
■ Suffocation
■ Tingling in extremities
■ Rapid pulse and breathing rate
How do you stop hyperventilation
■ Talking loudly
■ Singing
■ Controlled breathing into a bag
■ Remove cause of stress/anxiety
Sinus Block
○ by pressure changes
○ Air pressure in sinuses equalize through small openings in the nasal passages during
altitude changes
○ Upper respiratory infections such as cold can produce enough congestion to slow
equalization
■ The difference in pressure from sinuses eventually plug the opening
○ Sinus block most occurs most often in descents
Altitude Decompression Sickness
○ Pilots or passengers who intend to fly after scuba diving should allow enough time to rid themselves of excess nitrogen buildup
○ Recommended Waiting Times
■ Uncontrolled Ascent
● 12 hours for flights up to 8000’ MSL
● 24 hours for flights above 8000’ MSL
■ Controlled Ascent
● 24 hours for flights at any altitude
Hazardous Attitudes
● Undermine pilot’s aeronautical decision making (ADM)
● Important to understand why these attitudes may compromise our safety
● These 5 attitudes are embodied in psyche of every human mind
What are the hazardous attitudes
Anti-authority: Don’t tell me what to do
Impulsively: Do something quickly
Invulnerability: It won’t happen to me
Macho: I can do it
Resignation: What’s the point?
The hazardous antidote
Anti-authority: Follow the rules
Impulsively: Think first
Invulnerability: It could happen to me
Macho: Taking chances is foolish
Resignation: I’m not helpless. I can make a difference
When are lights required for nighttime
Sunset to sunrise
When can you log night time
30 minutes after sunset and before sunrise
What is the night time currency
3 takeoffs/landings to full stop 1 hour after sunset/before sunrise
What are the Left Turning Tendencies
Torque
Spiraling slipstream
Gyroscopic procession
P-Factor
