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Private > Commerical > Flashcards

Commerical Flashcards

1
Q

4 strokes of an engine?

A

Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust

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2
Q

Explain intake stroke phase

A

Exhaust valve closes
Intake valve opens
Air fuel mixture is drawn into
Combustion chamber
Piston is moving downwards

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3
Q

Explain compression stroke phase

A

Intake and exhaust valve close
Crankshaft rotates the piston up to compress the air fuel mixture

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4
Q

Explain power stroke phase

A

Spark plugs fire as the piston is compressing and the explosion forces the piston down

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5
Q

Explain exhaust stroke phase

A

Exhaust valve opens
Crankshaft pushes the piston up
Piston pushing the burned gasses through the exhaust valve

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6
Q

What are the left turning tendencies

A

Torque
Spiraling slipstream
Gyroscopic procession
P-Factor

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7
Q

What is torque

A
  • Force that causes an opposite reaction
  • Propeller spins clockwise, airplane wants to spin counterclockwise
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8
Q

Spiraling slipstream

A
  • Prop creates spiral of air that rotates around the fuselage and hits the left side of tail, causing aircraft to yaw left
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9
Q

Gyroscopic Precession

A
  • A force applied is manifested 90 degrees ahead of the direction of rotation
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10
Q

What is P-factor

A
  • In straight and level, both blades of prop have equal AoA
  • When in climb/descent, one blade has higher AoA than other, creating more lift to one side, thus yawing to that side
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11
Q

Types of hypoxia & Explained

A

Hypoxic: Lack of oxygen due to atmospheric conditions

Hypemic: Inability to carry oxygen in blood cells

Stagnant: Lack of oxygen blood circulation pulling G’s

Histotoixc: Inability for body to use the oxygen

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12
Q

What’s standard pressure

A

1013.25 millibars

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13
Q

High pressure how it moves and conditions

A

Clockwise outwards, downwards and mostly clear skies poor visibility higher density

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14
Q

Low pressure how it moves and conditions

A

Counterclockwise inwards upwards leads to good visibility low density and precipitation

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15
Q

Warm front

A

warm front moves slowly as warm air gradually rises over cooler air, causing gradual temperature increases and clouds

Stratiform clouds
Poor visibility because air is stable and calm

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16
Q

Cold front

A

A cold front is where colder air pushes under warmer air, causing rapid rising, thunderstorm, and a drop in temperature

Cumulus clouds thunderstorms precipitation

17
Q

Characteristics of Fwd

A

Decreased: range, airspeed, flare
Increased: stall recovery, stability, fuel burn

Fwd CG requires the stabilator to produce more downward force to counterbalance the nose-heavy weight

18
Q

Stabilator

A

A stabilator is a fully movable horizontal stabilizer that combines the functions of an elevator and a horizontal stabilizer into one surface

19
Q

What’s a constant speed prop

A

Constant speed prop is a propeller that uses a governor to select the desired rpm for phase of flight

20
Q

How does constant speed prop work

A

It uses a governor that automatically adjusts the angle of the propeller using high pressure oil from the sump and you set the rpm setting using the prop control higher rpm spring compress making flyweights go outwards and more oil to be fed to the hub

21
Q

Electrical system

A

Using a alternator
70 amps

Main battery 24 volts
Emergency battery 24 volts 30 min use

Main battery
Emergency battery
ELT battery

22
Q

Electrical system

A

Using a alternator
70 amps

Main battery 24 volts
Emergency battery 24 volts 30 min use

Main battery
Emergency battery
ELT battery

23
Q

Standard pressure & standard temperature

A

29.92, 15C

24
Q

Effects of higher & lower density altitude

A

Higher density altitude is worse for performance lower is better, effects humidity temperature elevation pressure

25
Q

What is true airspeed why it increases in higher altitudes

A

The speed of the aircraft relative to the air it’s flying through

The air is less dense and there’s less resistance to the aircraft moving forward TAS is higher at higher altitude

26
Q

What is ground speed and difference between GS and TAS

A

GS is the speed at which an aircraft moves relative to the ground

GS factors wind speed and direction

27
Q

How do you increase lift

A

Increase AoA , airspeed, flaps.

28
Q

What are the types of drag

A

Skin friction drag
Interference drag
Form drag
Induced drag
Lift induced drag

29
Q

What is parasite drag

A

Drag cause by the aircraft’s shape, type and material

30
Q

Skin friction drag

A

Result of aircraft’s surface being rough (rivets)

31
Q

Form drag

A

Result of the aircraft’s shape in relation to the relative wind

32
Q

Interference drag

A

Generated by the mixing of airflow streamlines between airframe components such as wings and fuselage or landing gear

33
Q

Induced drag

A

Consequence of producing lift, wingtip vortices created by the difference in pressure between the top and bottom of the wing

34
Q

What happens if you are above the W&B envelope

A

Difficulty controlling the aircraft, reduced performance, increased risk of stalling, longer takeoff and landing distances, structural damage

35
Q

Ground effect

A

Ground effect is the limitation of wingtip vortices they can’t get as big so they cause less down wash making you able to have better range and lift

36
Q

Mag failure

A

The engine will produce less power, run rough

37
Q

Mag failure

A

The engine will produce less power, run rough

38
Q

Why’s fuel injected better than a carburetor

A

Fuel injected systems can precisely control the air fuel mixture for each cylinder while a carburetor struggles to adjust to changing conditions like altitude or temperature

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