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Animal Behavior College > Stage 2 Learning Theory > Flashcards

Stage 2 Learning Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Pavlovian (Classical) Conditioning

A

Unrelated events that occur close together in time become associated

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2
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Certain events stand in lawful relation to other events

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3
Q

Canine cognition:

A

Dog’s conscious mental activities, including learning, thinking, understanding, and remembering

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4
Q

Learning methods

A

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Counter-conditioning

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5
Q

Some elements of training:

A

Motivation, reinforcement, punishment

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6
Q

ABC’s philosophy

A

Creating human-canine relationship built on positive interactions and consistency can deter future problems, facilitate faster learning, solve behavioral challenges

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7
Q

LIMA:

A

Least Intrusive Minimally Aversive method

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8
Q

Humane hierarchy

A

Dog is motivated to learn only after basic needs are met and proper correction has been applied

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9
Q

Levels of correction:

A

Positive punishment
Extinction, negative reinforcement, negative punishment
Differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors
Positive Reinforcement
Antecedent arrangements
Wellness (nutritional & physical)

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10
Q

ABC stands for

A

Antecedent Behavior Consequence

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11
Q

Antecedent arrangement is …

A

Manipulating environment

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12
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Associative learning process (bell and food)

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13
Q

_ stimulus becomes _ stimulus

A

Unconditioned Conditioned

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14
Q

Conditioned response is …

A

automatic reaction learned through training to a stimulus that doesn’t normally elicit a response

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15
Q

Conditioned emotional response

A

Learned emotional reaction to a conditioned stimulus

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16
Q

BF Skinner defined …

A

Operant conditioning

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17
Q

Operant conditioning

A

An association between a behavior and a consequence

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18
Q

Differences between positive/negative reinforcement/punishment

A

Positive reinforcement: Add something good that strengthens behavior
Negative reinforcement: Remove something bad to strengthen behavior
Positive punishment: Add something aversive to decrease behavior
Negative punishment: Remove something good to decrease behavior

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19
Q

According to BF Skinner the problem with punishment is

A

it cannot provide long term results

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20
Q

Problems with punishment

A
  • only causes short lived changes
  • when punisher is not present behavior will still occur
  • creates antagonistic relationship
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21
Q

_ responses can override _ responses

A

classically conditioned, operant conditioned

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22
Q

Classically conditioned response is _ whereas Operant conditioning is

A

Involuntary behavior following stimulus

voluntary behavior followed by reinforcing stimulus

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23
Q

DRAB (Differential Reinforcement of Alternate Behavior)

A

Involves reinforcing something incompatible with problem behavior

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24
Q

Primary/Secondary aka

A

Unconditioned/Conditioned

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25
Q

Secondary reinforcer

A

Becomes reinforcing through association with primary reinforcer

26
Q

Giving dogs _ is reinforcing

A

a choice

27
Q

Clicker training

A

Click and treat until dog is looking for treat
Select simple behavior to reinforce
Work quickly so reinforcement stays high

28
Q

More clicker advice

A

Click should have as behavior is happening
Timing is essential
If you clicked accidentally you still need to treat
Let dog know when training session is over
“jackpot” excellent performance

29
Q

Food lures

A
  • Useful to jumpstart behavior
  • Important to fade quickly
  • Can guide dog to almost any behavior
30
Q

4 stages of learning

A

Acquisition
Fluency
Generalization
Maintenance

aka acquiring, automatic, application, always

31
Q

90 percent of process will occur during

A

generalization

32
Q

Acquisition

A

Initial stage - use conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers to teach behavior
“aha” moment
Criteria for next step: offers behavior or is easily lured 90 percent of time

33
Q

Different methods of teaching

A

Shaping - rewarding closer and closer behavior
Capturing - waiting for behavior to occur
Luring - Use reinforcer to “lure” into behavior
(can lead to “bribing” - need to fade quickly)

34
Q

Fluency

A

Able to complete behavior but works slowly
Teaching behavior over and over again
Instead of rewarding every time, reward better than average responses
Build: Precision, Latency, Speed
Need to add cue
Add cue once behavior is easily offered 90 % time
When dog has about 90 % performance in familiar environment - move to generalization

35
Q

“poisoning” reinforcer

A

Becomes confusing or punishing

36
Q

Generalization

A 
Respond to cue in variety of places
Change 1 aspect of environment at a time
 - when dog looks at you from distance
-duration
-distraction
-myriad of settings
When dog performs behavior 90% time in variety of environments - Move to maintenance
Can wean away treats
37
Q

Maintenance

A

Responds to cue 90-100 % time in variety of situations

Now considered ‘learned behavior’

38
Q

Going back to kindergarten

A

-for one mistake, go back to easier version 3-10 times

39
Q

Non associative learning

A

Changes in behavior without associations

40
Q

Types of non associative learning

A

Sensitization, habituation

41
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Sense of powerlessness due to traumatic event - dog will shut down or freeze
-Freeze or flatten to ground, ear back, eyes wide, whale eyes, trembling

42
Q

Canine cognition

A

Dog’s conscious mental activities: how they think, learn, understand, remember
Social and non-social

43
Q

Social cognition

A

Responding to cues, perspective taking, communicating, learning by observing

44
Q

Before deciding on training approach, need to determine

A

Dog’s emotional state (very difficult to teach if dog is afraid or stressed)

45
Q

Single event learning

A

One event can cause permanent trauma
Instead of forcing dog to endure something, teach them it isn’t frightening with counter-conditioning and desensitization

46
Q

Counterconditioning

A

Change how dog feels
Teach dog to associate good things with unpleasant stimulus
Teach dog to perform behavior that is more enjoyable
Classical or operant counter-conditioning

47
Q

Desensitization

A

Reduces anxiety through classical counterconditioning
Goal: change dog’s CR
start with very low level of stimulus, gradually increase
avoid causing fear

48
Q

Flooding

A

Prolonged exposure at such a level that dog “gives up”

extremely damaging

49
Q

Operant counter-conditioning

A

Teaching behavior incompatible with problem behavior
Should associate alternate behavior with something good
Start w/ lots of distance to stimulus and work up

50
Q

Extinction

A

Behavior is no longer rewarded
Ignoring behavior like jumping can extinguish it
(Fold arms, turn away, ignore dog)

51
Q

Extinction bursts

A

behavior gets worse before it gets better

52
Q

Habituation

A

Responding decreases with more exposures

53
Q

Sensitization

A

Responding increases

54
Q

Schedules of reinforcement

A

Rules used to determine if reinforcers will be given or withheld

55
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

reward every correct behavior

56
Q

Intermittent reinforcement

A

Only occasionally reward behavior
Fixed or variable intervals/ratios
Powerful, can quickly strengthen learned behavior

57
Q

During fluency phase

A

first use continuous, then intermittent

58
Q

During generalization phase

A

Use intermittent reinforcement to increase duration, distance, number of distractors

59
Q

Premack principle

A

Behaviors with high level of reinforcement can be used as rewards for less preferred behaviors

60
Q

Mistakes

A

Think behavior through
Divide into smaller behaviors
“go back to kindergarten”

Animal Behavior College (6 decks)

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