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Animal Behavior College > Stage 2 Learning Theory > Flashcards

Stage 2 Learning Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Pavlovian (Classical) Conditioning

A

Unrelated events that occur close together in time become associated

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2
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Certain events stand in lawful relation to other events

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3
Q

Canine cognition:

A

Dog’s conscious mental activities, including learning, thinking, understanding, and remembering

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4
Q

Learning methods

A

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Counter-conditioning

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5
Q

Some elements of training:

A

Motivation, reinforcement, punishment

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6
Q

ABC’s philosophy

A

Creating human-canine relationship built on positive interactions and consistency can deter future problems, facilitate faster learning, solve behavioral challenges

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7
Q

LIMA:

A

Least Intrusive Minimally Aversive method

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8
Q

Humane hierarchy

A

Dog is motivated to learn only after basic needs are met and proper correction has been applied

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9
Q

Levels of correction:

A

Positive punishment
Extinction, negative reinforcement, negative punishment
Differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors
Positive Reinforcement
Antecedent arrangements
Wellness (nutritional & physical)

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10
Q

ABC stands for

A

Antecedent Behavior Consequence

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11
Q

Antecedent arrangement is …

A

Manipulating environment

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12
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Associative learning process (bell and food)

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13
Q

_ stimulus becomes _ stimulus

A

Unconditioned Conditioned

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14
Q

Conditioned response is …

A

automatic reaction learned through training to a stimulus that doesn’t normally elicit a response

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15
Q

Conditioned emotional response

A

Learned emotional reaction to a conditioned stimulus

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16
Q

BF Skinner defined …

A

Operant conditioning

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17
Q

Operant conditioning

A

An association between a behavior and a consequence

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18
Q

Differences between positive/negative reinforcement/punishment

A

Positive reinforcement: Add something good that strengthens behavior
Negative reinforcement: Remove something bad to strengthen behavior
Positive punishment: Add something aversive to decrease behavior
Negative punishment: Remove something good to decrease behavior

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19
Q

According to BF Skinner the problem with punishment is

A

it cannot provide long term results

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20
Q

Problems with punishment

A
  • only causes short lived changes
  • when punisher is not present behavior will still occur
  • creates antagonistic relationship
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21
Q

_ responses can override _ responses

A

classically conditioned, operant conditioned

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22
Q

Classically conditioned response is _ whereas Operant conditioning is

A

Involuntary behavior following stimulus

voluntary behavior followed by reinforcing stimulus

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23
Q

DRAB (Differential Reinforcement of Alternate Behavior)

A

Involves reinforcing something incompatible with problem behavior

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24
Q

Primary/Secondary aka

A

Unconditioned/Conditioned

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25
Secondary reinforcer
Becomes reinforcing through association with primary reinforcer
26
Giving dogs _ is reinforcing
a choice
27
Clicker training
Click and treat until dog is looking for treat Select simple behavior to reinforce Work quickly so reinforcement stays high
28
More clicker advice
Click should have as behavior is happening Timing is essential If you clicked accidentally you still need to treat Let dog know when training session is over "jackpot" excellent performance
29
Food lures
- Useful to jumpstart behavior - Important to fade quickly - Can guide dog to almost any behavior
30
4 stages of learning
Acquisition Fluency Generalization Maintenance aka acquiring, automatic, application, always
31
90 percent of process will occur during
generalization
32
Acquisition
Initial stage - use conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers to teach behavior "aha" moment Criteria for next step: offers behavior or is easily lured 90 percent of time
33
Different methods of teaching
Shaping - rewarding closer and closer behavior Capturing - waiting for behavior to occur Luring - Use reinforcer to "lure" into behavior (can lead to "bribing" - need to fade quickly)
34
Fluency
Able to complete behavior but works slowly Teaching behavior over and over again Instead of rewarding every time, reward better than average responses Build: Precision, Latency, Speed Need to add cue Add cue once behavior is easily offered 90 % time When dog has about 90 % performance in familiar environment - move to generalization
35
"poisoning" reinforcer
Becomes confusing or punishing
36
Generalization
``` Respond to cue in variety of places Change 1 aspect of environment at a time - when dog looks at you from distance -duration -distraction -myriad of settings When dog performs behavior 90% time in variety of environments - Move to maintenance Can wean away treats ```
37
Maintenance
Responds to cue 90-100 % time in variety of situations | Now considered 'learned behavior'
38
Going back to kindergarten
-for one mistake, go back to easier version 3-10 times
39
Non associative learning
Changes in behavior without associations
40
Types of non associative learning
Sensitization, habituation
41
Learned helplessness
Sense of powerlessness due to traumatic event - dog will shut down or freeze -Freeze or flatten to ground, ear back, eyes wide, whale eyes, trembling
42
Canine cognition
Dog's conscious mental activities: how they think, learn, understand, remember Social and non-social
43
Social cognition
Responding to cues, perspective taking, communicating, learning by observing
44
Before deciding on training approach, need to determine
Dog's emotional state (very difficult to teach if dog is afraid or stressed)
45
Single event learning
One event can cause permanent trauma Instead of forcing dog to endure something, teach them it isn't frightening with counter-conditioning and desensitization
46
Counterconditioning
Change how dog feels Teach dog to associate good things with unpleasant stimulus Teach dog to perform behavior that is more enjoyable Classical or operant counter-conditioning
47
Desensitization
Reduces anxiety through classical counterconditioning Goal: change dog's CR start with very low level of stimulus, gradually increase avoid causing fear
48
Flooding
Prolonged exposure at such a level that dog "gives up" | extremely damaging
49
Operant counter-conditioning
Teaching behavior incompatible with problem behavior Should associate alternate behavior with something good Start w/ lots of distance to stimulus and work up
50
Extinction
Behavior is no longer rewarded Ignoring behavior like jumping can extinguish it (Fold arms, turn away, ignore dog)
51
Extinction bursts
behavior gets worse before it gets better
52
Habituation
Responding decreases with more exposures
53
Sensitization
Responding increases
54
Schedules of reinforcement
Rules used to determine if reinforcers will be given or withheld
55
Continuous reinforcement
reward every correct behavior
56
Intermittent reinforcement
Only occasionally reward behavior Fixed or variable intervals/ratios Powerful, can quickly strengthen learned behavior
57
During fluency phase
first use continuous, then intermittent
58
During generalization phase
Use intermittent reinforcement to increase duration, distance, number of distractors
59
Premack principle
Behaviors with high level of reinforcement can be used as rewards for less preferred behaviors
60
Mistakes
Think behavior through Divide into smaller behaviors "go back to kindergarten"

Animal Behavior College (6 decks)

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