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Animal Behavior College > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

First consideration is

A

Safe working environment

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2
Q

_ / 10 dogs and cats will have an emergency at some point

A

9

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3
Q

_ more animals could be saved with appropriate first aid

A

1/4

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4
Q

By knowing first aid you can:

A
  • lower body temp
  • stop bleeding
  • prevent infection
  • prevent loss of consciousness by alleviating choking
  • expel poison by inducing vomting
  • keep heart and lungs working
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5
Q

Triage is …

A

the process of evaluating needs during an emergency

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6
Q

Questions to determine priority

A

Is animal breathing? (If yes then heart is beating
if heartbeat is present but not breathing - rescue breathing)
Is heart beating? (If not breathing AND no heartbeat - need to perform CPR)
Heart and lungs are working but animal is in distress - need to perform first aid

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7
Q

What are agonal breaths

A

gasping or labored breaths signaling death

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8
Q

10 situations requiring vet

A
  • trauma to head, chest, abdomen or unconscious
  • 1st time seizure, seizure > 5 minutes, or longer than normal for epileptic
  • arterial bleeding
  • fractures, suspected muscle strains/tears
  • wounds > 1” in length or 1/4” deep
  • suspected poison/snake bite
  • shock
  • respiratory distress
  • inability to walk
  • bloat
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9
Q

5 vital signs

A
  • Pulse
  • Respiration
  • Temperature
  • CRT
  • Hydration
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10
Q

How to check pulse and normal range

A

-place two fingers over depression in upper inner thigh
-count for 60s (or 30 s x 2)
-normal:
cat 160-200 bps
small dog 90-160 bps
m/l dog 65-90 bps

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11
Q

How to check respiration and normal range

A

Observe, or place hand over chest
Normal:
cats/small dogs 20-40 breaths/minute
m/l dogs 10-30 breaths/minute

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12
Q

Normal range of temps

A

Normal: 100-102.5
Fever: 103 or higher
Emergency: 104 or higher

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13
Q

Normal CRT

A

1-2 seconds

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14
Q

How to check hydration

A

Pinch fold at nape of neck, shouldn’t stay tented

Press gums - shouldn’t be dry or sticky

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15
Q

How to examine animal

A

-Start from nose, work your way back, observing with eyes and gently feeling
-Checking for sores, redness, lumps, bumps,
mites, bruising, bleeding, tenderness
-Gently clean ears, check for redness, parasites, odor
-Observe eyes - should dilate symmetrically, normal motion tracking
-Feel muzzle for bumps, tenderness
-Gums should be pink
-Check for broken teeth, swelling, bleeding
-should feel not see ribs
-inspect legs and paws making sure not cracked toenails good length
-check abdomen for hard spots or tenderness
-mammary glands, genitals, anus should be clean with no colored discharge
-check skin/coat for flaking, excess shedding

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16
Q

Basic signs of illness/injury

A
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness/lameness
  • Open sores
  • Bleeding, pus, or discharge
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Increased or decreased heart rate
  • Excessive panting
  • Prolonged CRT
  • Abnormal temp, hydration
  • Infrequent or frequent urination
  • Unproductive straining to urinate/defecate
  • Vomiting/diarrhea/constipation
  • Restlesness
  • Inability to walk
  • Distended abdomen
  • Lethargy
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17
Q

Creating safe environment

A
  • put cat in bathroom
  • wrap in towel
  • scruff
  • use towel or triangular bandage to support hindquarters
  • can use any kind of board to immobilize if suspect spinal injury
  • small animal can use carrier or any kind of box
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18
Q

First aid kit should contain…

A
  • Gauze squares
  • Rolled gauze
  • Styptic powder
  • Bandage scissors
  • Tweezers
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Eyewash
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Coldpack
  • Antibiotic ointment
  • Dose syringe or eyedropper
  • Digital thermometer
  • Antihistamines
  • Antacids
  • Electrolytes
  • Nylon slip leash
  • Towel/blanket
  • First aid handbook
  • Important phone numbers
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19
Q

Signs of choking

A
  • Noise/cough as animal exhales
  • Rasping noise as he inhales
  • Gagging/retching
  • Pawing at mouth
  • Drooling
  • Staggering
  • Outstretched neck
  • Pale blue gums
  • Collapse
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20
Q

If you suspect choking for a small pet:

A

With front end on floor, place hindquarters in lap to elevate
Deliver firm blow between shoulder blades

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21
Q

If suspect choking for larger pet:

A

Stand behind arms around waist
Close hand over fist just behind last rib
5 quick thrusts

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22
Q

Choking: If large animal is unconscious

A

Place animal on side
Hand over hand on one side of chest
5 quick thrusts
Alternate with rescue breathing and CPCR

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23
Q

CPCR and CPR similarities

A

Both use chest compressions and artificial respiration

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24
Q

CPCR and CPR difference

A

CPCR focuses more on chest compressions

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25
Q

CAB stands for

A

Circulation Airway Breathing

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26
Q

How to do chest compressions

A

Place animal on side chin up
Where elbows touches chest
Compress to 1/3 width

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27
Q

CPCR for large dogs

A

Place animal on solid surface right side down
30 compressions followed by 2 breaths
Repeat compressions

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28
Q

CPCR for cats and small dogs

A

Place chest in palm of hand
four fingers on one side, thumb on other
50 compressions followed by 2 breaths

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29
Q

CPCR 3 person technique

A

Person 1 administers 30 vigorous chest compressions
Person 2 administers 2 breaths at end of 30 compressions
Person 3 compresses abdomen with one hand

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30
Q

CPCR must be started _ minutes after heart failure to avoid brain damage. After _ minutes damage is irreversible

A

4, 10

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31
Q

CPCR neonates

A

Administer 1 compression and 1 puff breath

32
Q

Rescue breathing

A

Make sure mouth is sealed
Use hands to make tube over nostrils,
Deliver 2 fulls breaths into nostrils
Make sure you see lungs rise

33
Q

Pregnancy lasts _ days in dogs and cats

A

60-65

34
Q

Signs an animal is close to giving birth

A
  • Mammary gland enlargement
  • Milk secretion
  • Anorexia
  • Restlessness, seeking seclusion, nesting
  • Rectal temp decreases
35
Q

Birth - situations which require your assistance

A
  • Fetus is only partially out but can see front legs and head
  • If mom doesn’t eat amniotic sac in 30 seconds - carefully clean away and rub newborn vigorously with clean towel
  • Mom doesn’t sever umbilical cord - tie knot 1 1/2” from baby and 1” further snip between threads
36
Q

Birth - signs of emergency

A
  • dark green fluid
  • straining w/o delivering for more than hour
  • mother is weak, nervous or restless more than 1/2 hour after birth
  • tremors days or weeks after birth, vomiting, trouble standing
37
Q

Differences between vein and arterial bleeding

A

Veins, darker, bluer, steady stream

Artery - bright red, spurting (emergency)

38
Q

For minor cuts and scrapes:

A
  • Flush with water, saline, chlorhexidine
  • Pat dry and bandage loosely
  • Can use styptic powder for toe nails
39
Q

For severe bleeding:

A
  • Apply direct pressure with gauze
  • Elevate limb
  • If bleeding not controlled, apply pressure to one of five arterial points
  • Cover with rolled gauze and secure with self adhering bandage
40
Q

5 arterial pressure points

A

1 - Front leg: Above elbow toward inside of front leg (near armpit)
2 - Back leg - Inside upper thigh where leg meets body
3 - Front foot - behind front foot above largest pad
4 - Rear foot - behind rear foot just above largest pad
5 - Tail - underside of tail at base

41
Q

Injuries -paw

A 
Remove debris, flush to clean
Elevate if needed
Dry with nonstick pad
Wrap gauze in figure eight pattern around toes
Cover with self adhesive bandage
42
Q

Injuries - Ear

A
  • Press upright ears down or downright ears up for pressure
  • bandage using good ear as anchor
  • Can cut t shirt sleeve to wrap over head
  • Can use styptic powder
43
Q

1st degree burns
2nd degree burns
3rd degree

A

1st - skin appears dark pink or red
2nd - blisters and/or serous fluid
3rd - skin appears charred, white, leathery or brown

44
Q

Care for first degree burns

A

Cool with room temp water
Trim away fur and apply aloe vera
If skin unbroken, home care is OK

45
Q

Care 2nd degree burns

A
  • Flush with cool water 5-10 min
  • Pat dry with clean cloth
  • Bandage loosely with nonstick bandage
  • Don’t apply gels or ointments
46
Q

Care 3rd degree burns

A
  • Restrain pet,
  • Bandage loosely
  • Get to vet
  • Monitor for shock
47
Q

Chemical burns

A

Flush with lukewarm/cool water 10 minutes
If suspect chemical that could harm lungs, monitor breathing
If chemical is oily, use dishwashing liquid before flushing
If chemical is dry/powdery, brush away as much as possible before flushing
If burn appears 2nd or 3rd degree seek vet
bring container if possible

48
Q

Electrical burns

A

Make sure source of electricity is removed
Check breathing and pulse, if no, CPCR
Shocks can damage blood vessels in lungs causing slow leak of fluids - seek vet

49
Q

Drowning

A

Hold small dogs/cats securing by hind legs
Large dogs - “wheelbarrow” position
Can place hand behind last rib and thrust towards head several times
Wrap animal in towels/blanket
If heartbeat but no breathing - rescue breathing
If neither heartbeat nor breathing - CPCR
Get to vet

50
Q

If witness animal fall

A
  • 1st check breathing and heartbeat - if no, administer CPCr
  • If animal is conscious, perform first aid as needed
  • If animal is reluctant to move, transport with some type of stretcher
51
Q

For frostbite:

A
  • Get into warmth
  • Wrap in semiwarm blankets
  • Lower affected area
  • Get to vet
52
Q

Symptoms of heat stroke

A 
Heavy panting 
Gasping
Vomiting
Foam
Weak or fast pulse
Inability to drink
Bright red of bluish gums
Unconsciousness
53
Q

How to treat heatstroke

A

-Get to cooler environment
-Apply room temp water to paws, armpits, groin, belly
-Can use rubbing alcohol, cold pack
-Do not force drinking
-Check temp - if 103 or higher get to vet immediately
If pet goes unconscious, use karo syrup
-CPCR if necessary

54
Q

How to treat hot spots

A
  • Trim fur
  • Warm water, pat dry
  • Dont use ointment as it traps bacteria
  • Use spray or cream or black tea teabag
  • 3 - 5 x / day until healed
  • See vet if doesn’t heal by 7 days
55
Q

For embedded object…

A
  • Secure objects position by placing gauze rolls on either side then securing with third roll
  • Place brace around object using styrofoam cup with hole, etc
  • Tape brace firmly to body
  • Dont attempt if struggling
  • Get to vet
56
Q

For vomiting

A
  • Rest stomach by withholding food for 24 hrs
  • If all is well after 24 hrs feed bland diet of boiled chicken and rice
  • If persists more than 24 hrs seek vet
57
Q

Constipation

A
  • Encourage water consumption
  • Can add bran cereal (no sugar) 1-3 tbsp / day
  • Can add pure cooked pumpkin - 1-3 tbsp / day
  • If does not resolve after 24 hrs - seek vet
58
Q

Bloat

A
  • Can be fatal in 30 minutes
  • Occurs when dogs swallow air or excess food
  • Valve of stomach becomes blocked
  • When stomach dilated, presses on other organs
  • Stomach can twist 1/4 - full turn (volvulus/torsion)
  • Tissue of stomach quickly dies
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Often in deep chested dogs
59
Q

Symptoms of bloat

A
  • Distended belly
  • Retching/dry heaves
  • Restlessness/collapse
  • Difficulty breathing
60
Q

Treating bee stings

A
  • If stinger is visible, flick it away w/ credit card, etc - don’t use tweezers
  • Administer benadryl 1 mg/lb - can repeat after 6-8 hours
  • Can apply cold pack
  • If in mouth
  • offer ice cube
  • flush with tsp baking soda in a pint of water
61
Q

Symptoms of anaphylactic shock

A
  • Severe swelling
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Pale blue membranes
  • Rappid irregular pulse
  • Prolonged CRT
  • Lower than normal temp ( < 100 F)
62
Q

Snakes may be venomous if

A

Broad triangular head with narrow neck
Vertical pupils
“Pit vipers” have heat sensing pits
2 fangs which leave puncture wounds

63
Q

Difference between hemotoxic and neurotoxic

A

Hemotoxic: Damages blood vessels, causing swelling as blood seeps into tissue
Neurotoxic: Results in paralysis, including respiratory muscles

64
Q

If animal gets snake bite

A

Keep bite wound below heart
Keep animal calm
Get animal to vet hospital
You should have emergency number

65
Q

If animal gets snake bite, do NOT

A

cut over bite or suck out venom
manipulate bitten area
allow pet to move about
use ice pack

66
Q

Snakebite general advice

A
  • Stick to open paths
  • Don’t let dog nose under rocks, logs, etc
  • Eliminate trash piles
67
Q

Hypoglycemia can be caused by …

A

Pancreas malfunctioning, liver disease, parasites

68
Q

Hypoglycemia symptoms

A
  • Twitching, shaking, wooziness
  • Head tilt
  • Seizures
  • Loss of consciousness
69
Q

If suspect hypogycemia…

A

administer sugar
under 50 lbs: 1 tsp over 50 lb 2 tsp
If animal is not alert in 5-10 minutes seek vet

70
Q

A compound fracture is

A

broken bone that has penetrated skin

71
Q

A sprain/strain is

A

when ligament is overstretched

72
Q

If notice limping

A
  • Restrict exercise
  • Apply cold compress 3-4 x / day for 5-10 min
  • If not improved after 24 hours rest and ice packs seek vet
  • If suspect break, immobilize limb (dont attempt if animal is resistant)
73
Q

To avoid poisoning

A

Keep harmful items out of reach
Childproof locks
Pet friendly chemicals

74
Q

Toxic dose of chocolate:

A

Milk: 1 oz / lb
Dark: 1/2 oz / lb
Baker’s: 1/4 oz / lb
Dry cocoa powder: 1/8 oz / lb

75
Q

Common signs of poisoning

A
  • Muscle tremors, seizures
  • Vomiting, diarrhea
  • Drooling, foaming
  • Redness of skin, ears, eyes
  • Lethargy/anxiety
  • Blisters
  • Swelling
  • Increased or decreased heart rate

Animal Behavior College (6 decks)

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