Stage 18 Flashcards
What are Aviation Instructor Responsibilities?
- Help students learn
- Demand adequate standards/performance
- Emphasize the positive
- Ensure aviation safety
- Provide adequate instruction
What are Flight Instructor Responsibilities?
- Provide student pilot evaluation and supervision
- Practical test recommendations and endorsements
- Additional endorsements
- See and Avoid
- Student pre-solo flight thought process
Characteristics of a good assessment?
ACTS OF CO Acceptable Comprehensive Thoughtful Specified
Objective
Flexible
Constructive
Organized
What are the Characteristics or BLOCKS of Learning?
RAMP Result of an Experience Active Process Multifaceted Purposeful
What are 5 important aspects of Professionalism that flight instructors should uphold?
- Sincerity
- Accepting the student
- Personal appearance and habits
- Demeanor
- Language
How can you minimize student frustration?
- Consistency
- Keep them informed
- Give them credit
- Admit your errors
What are the 4 types of hypoxia?
- Hypoxic (Altitude)
- Hypemic (Blood)
- Stagnant (Circulation)
- Histotoxic (Drugs)
What is Hypoxia?
A lack of sufficient O2!
What is the additional required equipment for IFR flight?
Generator/Alternator Radio (2-way) Altimeter Ball (Inclinometer) Clock (Installed, reading seconds) Attitude Indicator Rate of Turn Indicator Directional Gyro
What 2 inspections are mainly required for IFR flight?
VOR (every 30 days)
Pitot-Static (every 24 cal. months)
What does a Surface Analysis Chart cover?
- Issued every 3 hours
- Depicts troughs, ridges, and station observations
What does a Radar Summary Chart cover? When are the issued?
- Graphical display of info about precipitation and echo/cell movement
- Issued hourly at :35
In a winds aloft forecast, what does 731960 mean
- Wind speed is greater than 100 knots…subtract 50 from direction, add 100 to speed!
(73-50 = 23)
(100+19 = 119) - 230 at 119 knots, -60 degrees C
How often are Significant Weather Prognostic Charts issued? What do they cover?
4x a day
- Pressure systems, fronts, precipitation
- Freezing levels, turbulence, IFR/VFR categories, High and Low pressure systems
What are the 4 different METHODS of anti/de-icing?
- Chemical
- Thermal
- Electrical
- Pneumatic
What are some common methods of anti-icing?
- Pitot Heat
- Carb Heat
- Window Defrosters
What are some common methods of de-icing?
- Boots
- Chemical weeping (small pores in wing that secrete chemicals)
- Heat when turned on after ice has accumulated
AIRMETs are valid for ___ hours
SIGMIETs are valid for ___ hours
Convective SIGMETs are valid for ___ hours
Airmets - Valid for 6 hours
Sigmets - Valid for 4 hours
Convective Sigmets - Valid for 2 hours
How would you leave an uncontrolled airport that is in Class E airspace, and is below VFR weather minimums?
Special VFR!
- NEED: ATC clearance, 1sm, remain clear of clouds
- AT NIGHT: Instrument rated and IFR equipped
What is WAAS? What does it augment, and how? (Draw a Picture)
- Wide Area Augmentation System
- Corrects GPS positioning signal errors
1. WAAS Satellites send signals to surveyed positions on the ground with known, unchanging coordinates
2. Satellite signal indications are compared with the real ground station coordinates
3. Any identified errors are signaled to a Mother-Ground Station
4. Mother-Ground Station signals a Broad-casting satellite of the error
5. Broadcasting Satellite sends out the correction to the a/c
If we lose WAAS, how does that limit us?
- Information will not be as accurate
- En-Route CDI deflection will increase to 5nm either side
- Airport you’re going to must have another type of approach available
How many satellites must be visible in order to have WAAS?
6 Satellites
What is the SSV of a Localizer? What frequencies does it radiate?
- 35 degrees for 10nm, 10 degrees fo 18nm
- Localizer Beam: 3-6 degrees (varies), 700ft wide at Threshold (Localizer antenna always placed to achieve this)
- Right “blue” = 150 Hertz, Left “yellow” = 90 Hertz, where they intersect = centerline
What information does the Localizer Antenna provide? Where is it located and why?
- Course deviation to the Left and Right of centerline
- Full scale deflection shows 2.5 degrees on either side
- Positioned at the end of the runway to provide 3-6 degrees (varies) path and be 700ft wide at Threshold
What is the SSV of a Glideslope? What guidance/information does it provide?
- Service Volume is 10 NM
- Based off a normal 3° glide path so that it intersects the MM at 200 feet and the OM at 1400 feet
- Course Deviation Up and Down of centerline
- Full Scale deflection shows 0.7 degrees on either side
What is the purpose of a flux gate/valve?
- Enables compass to readily accept lines of magnetic from the Earth’s field and still indicate correct magnetic heading
(peace sign)
What is Equivalent airspeed?
- Calibrated AS corrected for compression error
What information does an HSI provide? What is one main component of its operation?
- Gives heading, course selector, glide slope and TO/FR indication (combines heading indicator with CDI)
- Improves situational awareness - When slaved to a Magnetic Flux Gate, it automatically updates with a/c rotation (adjusts to magnetic currents)
What gyroscopic instruments operate on Rigidity?
- Attitude Indicator
2. Heading Indicator
What gyroscopic instruments operate on Precession?
- Turn Coordinator
2. Turn-Slip Indicator
What is deviation with a magnetic compass?
- The errors in magnetic indication due to instruments/equipment that could not be eliminated when the a/c was aligned on a compass rose
Define Variation
The difference between True North and Magnetic North
What information does the Turn Coordinator provide? How does it know what the airplane is doing?
- Aircraft YAW (turn rate/heading) and ROLL (attitude)
- GYRO is mounted HORIZONTAL and PARALLEL to LATERAL axis allowing it to “feel” precession from a/c YAWING around it
- Gyro. GIMBAL is canted 30 degrees up from the LONGITUDINAL axis of the a/c, allowing gyro to “feel” precession from a/c ROLLING around it
What information does the Turn-Slip Indicator provide? How does it know what the airplane is doing?
- Aircraft YAW (turn rate/heading) only
- GYRO is mounted HORIZONTAL and PARALLEL to LATERAL axis, allowing it to “feel” precession from the a/c YAWING around it
What is Pressure Altitdue?
Height above the standard datum (29.92” Hg)
- When you set your altimeter to 29.92 on the ramp, the altitude it’s indicating is your PA
What is TAS?
True Airspeed, corrected for non-standard temperature and pressure.
What are standard takeoff minimums for departure procedures based off of?
- Climbing at 200ft/NM
- Being atleast 35’ AGL when crossing the DER
- Turn when 400’ AGL
What are the currency requirements for IFR flight?
Within the preceding 6 months:
- 6 IAPs
- Intercepting/tracking a course using appropriate navaids
- Holding
If your instrument currency expires, how do you regain it?
Within grace period: Fly with a safety pilot
After grace period: Do an IPC
What qualifications does your Safety Pilot need to have?
- Private Pilot’s License
- Current Medical
- Currency in the category/class you’ll be flying
- Not required to have instrument rating when in VFR or a CFII
What is required by 91.175 to operate an a/c below the DA/DH or MDA?
- A/c in a continuous position to land on the intended runway
- The flight visibility is at or above what is prescribed in the IAP
- At least one of the following visual references for the intended runway in sight/identified: Threshold, T-hold Makrings, T-hold Lights, REILs, TDZ/TDZ Markings, TDZ Lights, RWY Markings, RWY Lights
IFR 2-way radio communications failure procedures for Route, Altitude and Clearance Limit
*Squawk 7600* Route: 1. Assigned 2. Vectored 3. Expected 4. Filed Altitude: (highest) 1. MEA 2. Expected 3. Assigned Clearance Limit: - Were you cleared to a fix from which an approach begins? - Did you recieve an EFC time? 1. Yes/EFC time - commence descent then 2. Yes/NO EFC time - commence descent at filed ETA 3. No/EFC time - leave clearance limit at EFC time, go to a fix where an IAP begins and remain there until your filed ETA 4. No/NO EFC time - get to clearance limit and proceed to a fix where an IAP begins and remain there until your filed ETA
What does a Radar Summary Report show? When are they issued?
- Echo intensity, movement, and location
- Percipitation
- Every hour at :35
What is a SID? When and HOW is a SID published?
- Standard Instrument Departure, need ATC clearance
- Provided graphically
- Purpose: To reduce pilot/ATC workload
- If climb gradient is non-standard it will be noted, gets you to your ROUTE
What are the 2 different types of SIDs?
- Pilot Navigation - Provide your own navigation with minimal AC assistance
- Vectors - ATC assistance based on 400ft above DER before turning
What is ODP? When is an ODP created? What format is it provided in?
- Obstacle Departure Procedure, may be flow without ATC clearance
- Provided textually or graphically
- Must maintain 200ft/NM climb gradient to get you out of the airspace safely
- Created when something penetrates the 152ft/NM climb gradient
MOCA
*####
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude
(lowest altitude for obstacle clearance AND acceptable nav signal within 22nm)
OROCA
Big Brown Numbers!
Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitudes
(obstacle clearance, NO NAV SIGNAL guaranteed)
MAA
Max altitude at which you’ll be guaranteed signal from at least 1 nav signal
IPC requirements?
Instrument Rating ACS (A-12)
- Holding
- Unusual Attitudes
- Intercepting and Tracking nav systems and Arcs
- Non Precision (at least 2), Precision, Missed, Circling, Landing from an IAP
- Approach with loss of Primary Flight Instruments
- Checking Instruments and Equipment
True or False: When you have a radio failure in IMC you must proceed to the initial approach fix of an approach and hold until your ETA
True
Where can you find the cold temperature correction chart?
AIM
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