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3rd Quarter > ST #1 SCIENCE > Flashcards

ST #1 SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

Gathers information from both inside and outside the body

A

Sensory Function

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2
Q

Processes the information in the brain and spine

A

Integration Function

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3
Q

Sends information to the muscles, glands, and organs so they can respond appropriately

A

Motor Function

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4
Q

The Nervous System is divided into Two Main Divisions:
_____________?
_____________?

A

-Central Nervous System (CNS)
-Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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5
Q

Controls Organs in times of stress.

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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6
Q

Controls Organs when the body is resting.

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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7
Q
  • Basic functional cell of nervous system
  • Transmits impulses (up to 250 mph)
A

Neuron

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8
Q

Receive stimulus and carries it impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrite

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9
Q

Nucleus & most of cytoplasm

A

Cell Body with Nucleus

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10
Q

Fiber which carries impulses away from cell body

A

Axon

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11
Q

Cells which produce myelin or fat layer in the Peripheral Nervous System

A

Schwann Cells

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12
Q

Dense lipid layer which insulates the axon and makes the axon look gray

A

Myelin sheath

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13
Q

Gaps or nodes in the myelin sheath

A

Node of Ranvier

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14
Q

Impulses travel from dendrite to cell body to axon.

A

NOTE

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15
Q

Three types of Neurons

A

*Sensory neurons – bring messages to CNS
*Motor neurons - carry messages from CNS
*Interneurons – between sensory & motor neurons in the
CNS

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16
Q

A ______ is a change in the environment with sufficient strength to initiate a response.

A

Stimulus

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17
Q

_______ is the ability of a neuron to respond to the stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse.

A

Excitability

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18
Q

The stimulus is either strong enough to start and impulse or nothing happens

A

All of Nothing Rule

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19
Q

-small gap or space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another
-the neurons do not actually tough at the synapse

A

Synapse

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20
Q

Chemicals in the junction which allow impulses to be started in the second neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

21
Q

Receptor

A

reacts to a stimulus

22
Q

Afferent pathway (sensory neuron)

A

conducts impulses to the CNS

23
Q

. Interneuron

A
  • consists of one or more synapses in the CNS (most are in the spine)
24
Q

Efferent pathway (motor neuron)

A

conducts impulses from CNS to effector

25
Q

Effector

A

Muscle fibers (as in the Hamstring muscle) or glands responds by contracting or secreting a
product.

26
Q

Initiated and completed at the spinal cord level. Occur without the involvement of higher brain
centers.

A

Spinal reflexes

27
Q

Central Nervous System
* Brain
-Brain stem – medulla, pons, midbrain
-Diencephalon – thalamus & hypothalamus
-Cerebellum
-Cerebrum
* Spine
-Spinal Cord

A

Note

28
Q

Coordination of movement and
aspects of motor learning

A

Cerebellum

29
Q

Conscious activity including
perception, emotion, thought, and planning

A

Cerebrum

30
Q

– Brain’s switchboard
– filters and then relays information to various brain regions

A

Thalamus

31
Q

Vital reflexes as heart beat and respiration

A

Medulla

32
Q

Medulla, pons, and midbrain
(involuntary responses) and relays information from spine to upper brain

A

Brainstem

33
Q

Involved in regulating activities
internal organs, monitoring information from the
autonomic nervous system, controlling the pituitary gland and its hormones, and regulating sleep and appetite

A

Hypothalamus

34
Q
  • Is the largest portion of the brain encompasses about two-thirds of the brain mass
  • It consists of two hemispheres divided by a fissure – corpus callosum
  • It includes the cerebral cortex, the medullary body, and basal ganglia
  • The cerebral cortex is the layer of the brain often referred to as gray matter because it has cell bodies and synapses but no myelin
A

Cerebrum

35
Q

Lobes of the Cerebrum

A
  • Frontal – motor area involved in
    movement and in planning &
    coordinating behavior
  • Parietal – sensory processing, attention, and language
  • Temporal – auditory perception, speech, and complex visual perceptions
  • Occipital – visual center – plays a role in processing visual information
36
Q

What Lobe? the motor area involved in movement and in planning & coordinating behavior

A

Frontal

37
Q

What Lobe? Sensory processing, attention, and language

A

Parietal

38
Q

Auditory perception, speech,
and complex visual perceptions

A

Temporal

39
Q
  • visual center
    – plays a role in
    processing visual information
A

Occipital

40
Q

– located in the frontal lobe
– important in the production of speech

A

Broca’s area

41
Q

.

A
42
Q

A group of brain structures (aamygdala, hippocampus, septum, basal ganglia, and
others) that help regulate the expression of emotions and emotional memory

A

Limbic System

43
Q

_____ _____ are rhythmic fluctuation of electric potential between parts of the brain as seen on an electroencephalogram (EEG).

A

Brain Waves

44
Q

-
-
-

A

-Beta
-Alpha
-Theta
-Delta

45
Q
  • 12 pair
  • Attached to undersurface of brain
A

Cranial nerves

46
Q
  • 31 pair
  • Attached to spinal cord
A

Spinal nerves

47
Q
  • Relays information from skin, sense organs & skeletal
    muscles to CNS
  • Brings responses back to skeletal muscles for voluntary
    responses
A

Somatic Nervous System (voluntary)

48
Q
  • Regulates bodies involuntary responses
  • Relays information to internal organs
  • Two divisions
    *Sympathetic nervous system – in times of stress
    -Emergency response
    -Fight or flight
    *Parasympathetic nervous system – when body is at rest or with normal functions
    -Normal everyday conditions
A

3rd Quarter (12 decks)

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