Science: Nervous System

Question 1

Function of ___________ ________:
*Regulates the function of the
other body systems.
*Receives information about your
environment and other parts of
the body.
*Interprets this information.
*Makes your body respond or
react to it.

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

*Cluster of nerves in the spine and brain.
*Responsible for all bodily functions, from breathing to reacting to stimuli.
*Signals from various body parts reach the CNS, and it sends back commands.

Answer 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 3

*Everything outside the CNS is the PNS.
*Voluntary or somatic nervous system controls conscious actions like waving your hand.
*Involuntary nervous system regulates activities like breathing, heartbeats, and digestion.

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

____________Mechanisms:
*CNS and spinal cord are protected by bones (skull and vertebrae).
*Cerebrospinal fluid protects nerves, aids signal conduction, and removes waste.

Answer 4

Protection Mechanisms

Question 5

_________ and _____________ Nervous System Functions:
*Conscious actions, like pinching or waving, are controlled by voluntary nerves.
*Involuntary nerves react to unexpected stimuli for self-preservation, like dropping a phone.
*Scratching an itch provides relief consciously but is perceived as pain subconsciously.
*Temperature changes prompt CNS signals for sweating or shivering.

Answer 5

Conscious and Subconscious Nervous System Functions

Question 6

_________ and Neural Connections:
*Neural connections in the brain strengthen with repetition and practice.
*Learning a new skill involves creating and strengthening neural connections.
*Once established, these connections persist, allowing rapid recall even after a long hiatus.

Answer 6

Learning and Neural Connections

Question 7

__________ and _____ Acquisition:
*The brain forms strong connections with repeated exposure, aiding memory.
*Learning a skill involves repeated attempts, refining neural pathways.
*Memories, like learning to skate, remain intact, facilitating quick relearning after a break.

Answer 7

Memory and Skill Acquisition

Question 8

Neurons also known as the ________ _____.

Answer 8

NERVE CELLS

Question 9

______________ specialized cells of the NS which conduct impulses.

Answer 9

NEURONS

Question 10

_________ is the foundation of the system and appear to be different from other body cells in terms of appearance & behavior (consists of many complicated parts and irreplaceable)

Answer 10

NEURONS

Question 11

___________ Structures:
-DENDRITES
-AXON/NERVE FIBERS
-CELL BODY

Answer 11

NEURON’S Structures

Question 12

A highly branched structure at one end of a neuron that receives the
stimulation.

Answer 12

DENDRITES

Question 13

It transmit impulses away from
the cell body.

Answer 13

AXON/NERVE FIBERS

Question 14

Portion of the neuron that
contains the nucleus & cytoplasm.

Answer 14

CELL BODY

Question 15

What are the 3 kinds of NEURON?

Answer 15

-SENSORY/AFFERENT
-MOTOR/EFFERENT
-INTERNEURON/ASSOCIATIVE

Question 16

What are the neurons that transmit
incoming impulses from
receptors to a coordinating
center such as the brain or
spinal cord.

Answer 16

SENSORY / AFFERENT

Question 17

What are the neuron that transmit
outgoing impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effectors.

Answer 17

MOTOR / EFFERENT

Question 18

It carries information between two other neurons.

Answer 18

INTERNEURON / ASSOCIATIVE

Question 19

What does CNS mean?

Answer 19

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

Question 20

What does PNS mean?

Answer 20

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

Question 21

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) consists of the:
______________ and ______________

Answer 21

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 22

What is composed of all the body nerves that lie outside of CNS. Consisting of peripheral, cranial & spinal nerves.

Answer 22

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

Question 23

_________:
-The center of your body’s communication.
-It contains about 14 B nerve cells which control everything a person does.
-It weighs from 1.3 to 1.4 kg or about 2 percent of total body weight.

Answer 23

Brain

Question 24

What are the 3 Major Regions of the Brain?

Answer 24

1. CEREBRUM
2. CEREBELLUM
3. BRAIN STEM

Question 25

The largest part of the human brain, is divided into left and right hemispheres connected to each other by the corpus callosum - a thick band of nerve fibers. The hemispheres are covered by a thin layer of gray matter known as the cerebral cortex

Answer 25

CEREBRUM

Question 26

Controls many functions that are related to intelligence.

Answer 26

CEREBRUM

Question 27

CEREBRUM
1.______ Hemisphere
* deals with spatial and
artistic skills.
2. _____ Hemisphere
* responsible for verbal
& analytical skills.

Answer 27

1.Right Hemisphere
2. Left Hemisphere

Question 28

What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebrum?

Answer 28

• FRONTAL LOBE
  -smelling, emotions, judgment, willpower, self control
• PARIETAL LOBE
  -self-control sensory
• TEMPORAL LOBE
  -hearing & speech
• OCCIPITAL LOBE
  -vision

Question 29

________ LOBE
- smelling, emotions, judgment, willpower, self-control

Answer 29

FRONTAL LOBE

Question 30

• _______ LOBE
• self-control sensory

Answer 30

PARIETAL LOBE

Question 31

_________ LOBE
-hearing & speech

Answer 31

TEMPORAL LOBE

Question 32

_________ LOBE
-vision

Answer 32

OCCIPITAL LOBE

Question 33

What comes from the Latin word for “little brain”. Located behind the brain stem & just below the cerebrum . In some ways, similar to the cerebral cortex: the cerebellum is divided into hemispheres and has a cortex that surrounds these hemispheres.

Answer 33

Cerebellum

Question 34

Functions:
✔ movements o f the
skeletal muscles
✔ maintain body balance
✔ maintains your body
posture and muscle
tone

Answer 34

Cerebellum

Question 35

Its role is to take care of the functions of the body organs. It maintains the activities within the interior of your CNS.

Answer 35

BRAIN STEM

Question 36

__________ 4 Segments:
-Medulla Oblongata
-Pons
-Hypothalamus
-Thalamus

Answer 36

BRAIN STEM

Question 37

controls breathing & heart beat

Answer 37

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Question 38

It connects medulla oblongata & the cerebrum. Damage to this may cause paralysis.

Answer 38

PONS

Question 39

It controls important sensations involve in maintaining homeostasis or balance

Answer 39

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 40

Relay center for sensory impulses on they’re way to the cerebral cortex.

Answer 40

THALAMUS

Question 41

-Is a large ropelike segment of the nerve tissue extending down from your medulla to your vertebral column.
-Connecting link; highway; bridge
-It controls much of the body’s reflex behavior.

Answer 41

SPINAL CORD

Question 42

______ _______ is an immediate response to specific stimulus without conscious control. The path which impulses travel along during reflex action is called reflex arc.

Answer 42

Reflex Action

Question 43

The PNS contains all body nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord (CNS)
to the rest of the body.
❖ Cranial nerve from the brain
❖ Spinal nerve from the spinal cord
❖ Sense organ.

Answer 43

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 44

What are the 2 Divisions of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

Answer 44

Two Division
1. Somatic NS
2. Autonomic NS

Question 45

Consists of motor neurons that
connect the CNS to the striated or
voluntary muscles.

Answer 45

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS)

Question 46

-Connects CNS to the glands, the
smooth muscles of the visceral
organs and the cardiac muscles
(involuntary muscles).
-Subdivided into PARASYMPATHETIC & SYMPATHETIC NS.

Answer 46

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

Question 47

Controls internal organs during condition of high stress or increase activity. Becomes dominant in times of fear.

Answer 47

SYMPATHETIC NS

Question 48

Controls internal organs during routine condition. Returns the boy in its normal state.

Answer 48

PARASYMPATHETIC NS