Science: Nervous System Flashcards
Function of ___________ ________:
*Regulates the function of the
other body systems.
*Receives information about your
environment and other parts of
the body.
*Interprets this information.
*Makes your body respond or
react to it.
Nervous System
*Cluster of nerves in the spine and brain.
*Responsible for all bodily functions, from breathing to reacting to stimuli.
*Signals from various body parts reach the CNS, and it sends back commands.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
*Everything outside the CNS is the PNS.
*Voluntary or somatic nervous system controls conscious actions like waving your hand.
*Involuntary nervous system regulates activities like breathing, heartbeats, and digestion.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
____________Mechanisms:
*CNS and spinal cord are protected by bones (skull and vertebrae).
*Cerebrospinal fluid protects nerves, aids signal conduction, and removes waste.
Protection Mechanisms
_________ and _____________ Nervous System Functions:
*Conscious actions, like pinching or waving, are controlled by voluntary nerves.
*Involuntary nerves react to unexpected stimuli for self-preservation, like dropping a phone.
*Scratching an itch provides relief consciously but is perceived as pain subconsciously.
*Temperature changes prompt CNS signals for sweating or shivering.
Conscious and Subconscious Nervous System Functions
_________ and Neural Connections:
*Neural connections in the brain strengthen with repetition and practice.
*Learning a new skill involves creating and strengthening neural connections.
*Once established, these connections persist, allowing rapid recall even after a long hiatus.
Learning and Neural Connections
__________ and _____ Acquisition:
*The brain forms strong connections with repeated exposure, aiding memory.
*Learning a skill involves repeated attempts, refining neural pathways.
*Memories, like learning to skate, remain intact, facilitating quick relearning after a break.
Memory and Skill Acquisition
Neurons also known as the ________ _____.
NERVE CELLS
______________ specialized cells of the NS which conduct impulses.
NEURONS
_________ is the foundation of the system and appear to be different from other body cells in terms of appearance & behavior (consists of many complicated parts and irreplaceable)
NEURONS
___________ Structures:
-DENDRITES
-AXON/NERVE FIBERS
-CELL BODY
NEURON’S Structures
A highly branched structure at one end of a neuron that receives the
stimulation.
DENDRITES
It transmit impulses away from
the cell body.
AXON/NERVE FIBERS
Portion of the neuron that
contains the nucleus & cytoplasm.
CELL BODY
What are the 3 kinds of NEURON?
-SENSORY/AFFERENT
-MOTOR/EFFERENT
-INTERNEURON/ASSOCIATIVE
What are the neurons that transmit
incoming impulses from
receptors to a coordinating
center such as the brain or
spinal cord.
SENSORY / AFFERENT
What are the neuron that transmit
outgoing impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effectors.
MOTOR / EFFERENT
It carries information between two other neurons.
INTERNEURON / ASSOCIATIVE
What does CNS mean?
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
What does PNS mean?
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) consists of the:
______________ and ______________
Brain and Spinal Cord
What is composed of all the body nerves that lie outside of CNS. Consisting of peripheral, cranial & spinal nerves.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
_________:
-The center of your body’s communication.
-It contains about 14 B nerve cells which control everything a person does.
-It weighs from 1.3 to 1.4 kg or about 2 percent of total body weight.
Brain
What are the 3 Major Regions of the Brain?
- CEREBRUM
- CEREBELLUM
- BRAIN STEM
The largest part of the human brain, is divided into left and right hemispheres connected to each other by the corpus callosum - a thick band of nerve fibers. The hemispheres are covered by a thin layer of gray matter known as the cerebral cortex
CEREBRUM
Controls many functions that are related to intelligence.
CEREBRUM
CEREBRUM
1.______ Hemisphere
* deals with spatial and
artistic skills.
2. _____ Hemisphere
* responsible for verbal
& analytical skills.
1.Right Hemisphere
2. Left Hemisphere
What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebrum?
- FRONTAL LOBE
-smelling, emotions, judgment, willpower, self control - PARIETAL LOBE
-self-control sensory - TEMPORAL LOBE
-hearing & speech - OCCIPITAL LOBE
-vision
________ LOBE
- smelling, emotions, judgment, willpower, self-control
FRONTAL LOBE
- _______ LOBE
- self-control sensory
PARIETAL LOBE
_________ LOBE
-hearing & speech
TEMPORAL LOBE
_________ LOBE
-vision
OCCIPITAL LOBE
What comes from the Latin word for “little brain”. Located behind the brain stem & just below the cerebrum . In some ways, similar to the cerebral cortex: the cerebellum is divided into hemispheres and has a cortex that surrounds these hemispheres.
Cerebellum
Functions:
✔ movements o f the
skeletal muscles
✔ maintain body balance
✔ maintains your body
posture and muscle
tone
Cerebellum
Its role is to take care of the functions of the body organs. It maintains the activities within the interior of your CNS.
BRAIN STEM
__________ 4 Segments:
-Medulla Oblongata
-Pons
-Hypothalamus
-Thalamus
BRAIN STEM
controls breathing & heart beat
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
It connects medulla oblongata & the cerebrum. Damage to this may cause paralysis.
PONS
It controls important sensations involve in maintaining homeostasis or balance
HYPOTHALAMUS
Relay center for sensory impulses on they’re way to the cerebral cortex.
THALAMUS
-Is a large ropelike segment of the nerve tissue extending down from your medulla to your vertebral column.
-Connecting link; highway; bridge
-It controls much of the body’s reflex behavior.
SPINAL CORD
______ _______ is an immediate response to specific stimulus without conscious control. The path which impulses travel along during reflex action is called reflex arc.
Reflex Action
The PNS contains all body nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord (CNS)
to the rest of the body.
❖ Cranial nerve from the brain
❖ Spinal nerve from the spinal cord
❖ Sense organ.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What are the 2 Divisions of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Two Division
1. Somatic NS
2. Autonomic NS
Consists of motor neurons that
connect the CNS to the striated or
voluntary muscles.
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS)
-Connects CNS to the glands, the
smooth muscles of the visceral
organs and the cardiac muscles
(involuntary muscles).
-Subdivided into PARASYMPATHETIC & SYMPATHETIC NS.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)
Controls internal organs during condition of high stress or increase activity. Becomes dominant in times of fear.
SYMPATHETIC NS
Controls internal organs during routine condition. Returns the boy in its normal state.
PARASYMPATHETIC NS
