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Y8 T3 > SST > Flashcards

SST Flashcards

1
Q

Global warming

A

The rise in average temperature around the world

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2
Q

Why does the temperature change?

A
  • Greenhouse gases that act like a warm blanket
  • Changes in earth’s tilt and it’s path around the sun (occurs in cycles)
  • Changes in the amount of energy the sun gives out (occurs in cycles)
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3
Q

How do greenhouse gases work?

A

When the sun sends energy it hits the earth and some of it gets reflected to space or into the greenhouse gases. Since the greenhouse gases are around earth, it keeps earth warm. Without it, all heat would escape earth and we would freeze at night

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4
Q

What is the earth’s average temperature without greenhouse gases?

A

-18°C

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5
Q

What are the 2 main greenhouse gases?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO²) and Methane (CH⁴)

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6
Q

How can carbon dioxide cause global warming?

A

Carbon dioxide occurs naturally but when we burn coal, oil and petrol we add extra into the world. With less trees, there’s less vegetation to take in carbon dioxide. And ever since the industrial revolution, factories produce more carbon dioxide

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7
Q

How can Methane cause global warming?

A

It’s comes from animals, like cows and goats that chew the cud and belch out methane and swamps and landfill sites. Since we raise more animals and extract more oil and gas methane levels keep rising

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8
Q

How can the changes in the earth’s tilt affect the temperature?

A

The hemisphere towards the sun will be getting summer/warmer temperatures and the hemisphere away from the sun will be getting winter/cooler temperatures

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9
Q

How can the amount of energy the sun gives out affect the temperature?

A

It can’t be predicted

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10
Q

Describe the differences of how much the temperatures may rise between 2000 and 2050

A
  • The Arctic will get warmer. It will still be cold, but a bit warmer than today
  • Antarctica will get warmer
  • The northern hemisphere will warm more than the southern hemisphere mainly because it has more land
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11
Q

What was the average global temperature in 2000?

A

15.6°C, a rise of 6°C above would kill off billions of humans

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12
Q

Climate change

A

All aspects of climate are changing because Earth is getting warmer

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13
Q

Name some of the things that may happen because of climate change

A
  • Some places will get much more rain and some will get less rain
  • There will be more extreme weather: heatwaves, droughts, storms and flooding
  • Ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica will start melting and mountain glaciers will melt too
  • Sea levels will rise because of melting ice and because water expands as it warms
  • Rising sea levels mean low-lying coastal places will flood more often and may even drown
  • Some places will get too hot to grow crops, causing famine
  • Some places will be able to grow new crops they couldn’t before
  • Animals that can’t cope will die out
  • Diseases will spread as insects and animals move around
  • There will be millions of refugees as people flee from these conditions
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14
Q

What will happen to the UK’s climate in the future?

A
  • They will have longer summer days and very few cold winter days, so snow might be rare
  • Winters will be wetter than now, and summers will be drier but with sudden downpours that can cause flashfloods
    There will be more extreme weather events and flooding
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15
Q

What will happen as the UK warms?

A
  • Farmers may start growing things like peaches and sunflowers but drought could be a big problem
  • Birds like hoopoes, are likely to breed in the UK because they are from warmer places
  • British birds like the red grouse, which need a colder climate, may only live in the Scottish Highlands
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16
Q

What is a powerful warming gas?

A

Methane, but we pump far more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

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17
Q

Famine

A

Extreme scarity of food

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18
Q

Who is being affected by climate change?

A

Places, people, plants and animals

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19
Q

How is climate change affecting the arctic ocean?

A
  • More ice is melting each year and earlier
  • That is not good for polar bears as they use it as a platform for hunting seals
  • Less ice means they must swim further for their food or starve
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20
Q

How is climate change affecting the tundra?

A
  • Soil below the surface is usually frozen all year and that is called permafrost
  • The permafrost is starting to thaw so buildings are shifting and tilting and the methane trapped inside escapes into the air
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21
Q

How is climate change affecting the southwest of the USA?

A
  • They often have droughts but now they are more severe, especially in California and Texas
  • Crops shrivel and farmers, homes and businesses compete for a limited water supply
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22
Q

How is climate change affecting the rivers in Peru?

A
  • They are fed by glaciers up in the Andes mountains
  • These glaciers are shrinking very fast so sea levels are falling and Peru is suffering from water shortages
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23
Q

How is climate change affecting the people in Africa?

A
  • Most people in Africa depend on farming but rainfall patterns are changing
  • Both droughts and floods are becoming more common
  • In Uganda, farmers say that it’s really hard to decide when to plant
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24
Q

How is climate change affecting the prices of foods like wheat?

A
  • Wheat is a major world crop
  • In Pakistan and many other countries, wheat yields are falling thanks to climate change, so prices of foods made from wheat are rising
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25
Q

How is climate change affecting the Pacific ocean?

A
  • Water levels are rising faster than anywhere else
  • Low flat island countries like Tuvalu are now flooded very often
  • The ocean may have covered Tuvalu by 2100
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26
Q

How is climate change changing wildlife patterns?

A
  • For example in the UK, frog spawns are hatching earlier and the Brown Argus is spreading north to places which were once too cold for it
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27
Q

Permafrost

A

The ground under the surface that is permanently frozen in the tundra

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28
Q

What is the population for Tuvalu?

A

11,000

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29
Q

Why do we need greenhouse gases?

A

Because without them all heat would escape from Earth and we’d freeze at night, but now we think we have too much of them

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30
Q

The level of carbon dioxide has been rising since the industrial revolution. Why?

A
  • Human activities, especially industrialization, caused a surge in atmospheric carbon dioxide
  • Industrialization significantly contributes to carbon dioxide emissions
  • Deforestation and land-use change play significant roles
  • Human activity is the primary driver of rising carbon dioxide levels
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31
Q

List some of the effects of global warming

A
  • Increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events
  • Rising sea levels and coastal erosion
  • Loss of biodiversity, habitat disruption and impacts on human health
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32
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Some gases that act like a warm blanket around Earth keeping heat in/ trapping heat in are called greenhouse gases. They occur naturally in the atmosphere, but we also add some extra

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33
Q

List the positive changes in the climate of the UK changing

A
  • Longer growing seasons
  • Expansion of wildlife habitats
  • More outdoor recreation oppurtunies
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34
Q

List the negative changes in the climate of the UK changing

A
  • More heatwaves
  • Increased flooding
  • Distrubition to ecosystems
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35
Q

How will climate change affect the poorer countries?

A

They will have drought, crop loss, and flooding in Africa and Asia and it costs a lot of money to help people with these events and since they don’t have much money to spend they will suffer the most

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36
Q

Who will suffer most?

A

The poorer countries but the richer countries have pumped more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere over the years and most scientists say that’s the main culprit

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37
Q

How does CO² form from things containing carbon?

A

They form when we burn fuels like coal, oil, gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene and wood (They all contain carbon)

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38
Q

How is it not fair to poorer countries?

A

Because we burn coal, oil and gas in power stations to make electricity for our homes, cars and cooking (so for example when we turn on a light or charge a mobile, we are burning fossil fuels indirectly) but in poorer countries, they don’t have electricity or cars. They use very little fuel: only firewood

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39
Q

Even though poorer countries produce less CO² per person, this doesn’t help them to escape climate change. Explain

A

When we burn fuels containing carbon the CO² goes into the air and then gets moved by the wind and it spreads through the lower atmosphere, so the warming effect is felt everywhere. The result is that poor people still suffer from the effects of global warming

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40
Q

What do 2 billion people around the world depend on for their cooking?

A

Firewood and animal dung

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41
Q

How many people depend on firewood and animal dung for their cooking?

A

2 billion people

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42
Q

What provides 80% of the world’s energy?

A

Oil, coal and gas

43
Q

Oil, coal and gas provide how much of the world’s energy?

A

80%

44
Q

Give an example of local actions, global effects?

A

When we leave the light on or the TV on standby

45
Q

Why does the amount of carbon dioxide production change every year?

A

Because countries are developing for example China produces CO² on our behalf because factories use fuel to make a lot of things we buy

46
Q

In 2012, a person in the UK produced how many more times on average than a person in Ghana?

A

19 times

47
Q

In 2012, a person in the USA produced how many more times on average than a person in the UK?

A

2 times

48
Q

What are the positive effects of climate change?

A
  • Warmer temperatures could improve agricultural activity
  • Potential reduction in cold-related deaths may occur
  • economic opportunities may emerge
49
Q

How are poor countries affected by global warming?

A

They will face disproportionate impacts from global warming:
- Climate change affects agriculture, water and health in impoverished regions
- Limited resources and infrastructure hinder adaption and migration efforts

50
Q

Scientists think __________ was due to a big reduction in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

A

Snowball Earth

51
Q

Can we stop global warming?

A

No. If global warming is natural, then we can’t stop it. But if we are causing it we still can’t stop it. Because the extra carbon dioxide in the air already will hang around for at least a hundred years. But we can cut back on the amount we produce now to limit the temperature rise in the future

52
Q

It is really _____ to get governments to agree about climate change

A

hard

53
Q

In 1960, the world population was _______________

A

2600 million or 2.6 billion

54
Q

What was the world population in 1960?

A

2600 million or 2.6 billion

55
Q

In 2000, the world population was _______________

A

6100 million or 6.1 billion

56
Q

What was the world population in 2000?

A

6100 million or 6.1 billion

57
Q

What are the predictions of the world population in 2050?

A
  • The population will rise so in 2050 it will be 10 billion and 16 billion in 2100
  • The population will start to fall, so in 2050 it will be 9 billion then start to fall
58
Q

The population will reach about __________ by 2050 if it continues to grow

A

10 billion

59
Q

The population will reach about __________ by 2100 if it continues to grow

A

16 billion

60
Q

The population will reach _________ by 2050 if growth will fall

A

9 billion

61
Q

Why might the population fall?

A
  • As people grow better off, they tend to have fewer children. They don’t need them as security. Instead, they usually try to give each child as good a life as they can
  • When women have more education and take up work outside the home, they tend to marry later and have fewer children
62
Q

_____________ is expected to rise everywhere

A

Life expectancy

63
Q

It is predicted that India will have _________ people by 2050 and be the most populous country in the world

A

1.6 billion

64
Q

It is predicted that ______ will have 1.6 billion people by 2050 and be the most populous country in the world

A

India

65
Q

By 2050, around ___________ people aged over 65 and millions of people over 100

A

1.5 billion

66
Q

_________ will still have the highest birth rates

A

Poorer countries

67
Q

Poorer countries will still have the ________ birth rates

A

highest

68
Q

Africa’s population is predicted to _______ by 2050

A

double

69
Q

_________ population is predicted to double by 2050

A

Africa’s

70
Q

What problems might rich countries like Germany and Japan face?

A
  • Too few babies
  • Many elderly people
  • Not enough workers
71
Q

________ has the lowest % of children in Europe

A

Germany

72
Q

Compare between Germany and Ethiopia’s population in 2050

A

Germany’s population will fall by about 0.2% a year while Eithiopia’s will rise over 3% a year

73
Q

Germany’s population structure in 2050

A
  • There will be more people aged over 65 than under 15, so this is an ageing population
  • People of the working age will have many elderly people to support
  • The % of young people is low. When they grow up, there won’t be enough of them to do all the work, so Germany will need immigrants from other countries
74
Q

The UK population may reach ___________ by 2050

A

77 million

75
Q

Ethiopia’s population structure in 2050

A
  • Life expectancy is rising in Ethiopia
  • The % of people aged 66 and over will still be low by 2050 but there will be a high % of people aged under 15
  • Ethiopia will have a very young population
  • With so many young people, they may find it hard to get work when they grow up
76
Q

What is the UK’s population today?

A

64 million

77
Q

By 2050, over ___% of the people in Ethiopia will be under 15

A

40%

78
Q

The trends

A
  • Life expectancy is expected to rise everywhere
  • By 2050, around 1.5 billion people aged over 65 and millions of people over 100
  • Poorer countries will still have the highest birth rates
  • Africa’s population is predicted to double by 2050
  • Some rich countries, such as Germany and Japan may have too few babies, many elderly people and not enough workers
79
Q

What is the current population in Qatar?

A

2,970,453

80
Q

Qatar’s population is equivalent to _____% of the total world population

A

0.04%

81
Q

_____% of Qatar’s population is urban

A

96.2%

82
Q

Name some countries in Europe.

A

Luxembourg, Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Denmark

83
Q

What is the largest populated country in Europe?

A

Russia

84
Q

By this time tomorrow, earth will have an extra __________

A

225, 000 humans

85
Q

By this time next year, there will be over ____________

A

80 million of us

86
Q

2 years from now, there’ll be over ____________________

A

160 million more

87
Q

The more of us there are, the more of Earth’s _________ we use up

A

resources

88
Q

The more of us there are…

A
  • The more food we need, to feed all of us
  • Which means more land cleared up for farming, and more minerals dug up to make fertiliser
  • The more homes we need- huts, flats, houses
  • Which means more land cleared up for homes, and more timber, stone, clay, and sand used up
  • The more fuel - oil, coal, gas, petrol, electricity, firewood
  • Which means more trees gone, and more land cleared up for oil and gas wells, coal mines, power stations
89
Q

We even compete for resources. Explain

A
  • There have been wars over land and oil
  • Some people predict that one day, quite soon, there will be wars over freshwater
90
Q

Mention some of the bad ways we make use of Earth’s resources

A
  • (disappearance of species) The more land we take over, the less there is for all the other living things. We think that over 100, 000 species a year are dying now, even pandas are at risk
  • (Dumping of waste) The more resources we use, the more waste we create. It gets dumped on land and at sea. Some of it rots away quite fast but some will hang around for centuries
  • (Global warming and acid rain) We cause other pollution too like acid rain, which kills trees (above) and scientists say we’re helping to bring on global warming by burning fuels
91
Q

The more land we take over, ____________________________

A

the less there is for all the other living things

92
Q

The more resources we use, _____________________________

A

the more waste we create

93
Q

Is there hope?

A

Yes because now we see that we need to live in a more sustainable way, which doesn’t harm us or other species and is not wasteful

94
Q

We are trying to repair some of the ________ we’ve done

A

damage

95
Q

Resources

A

Materials or assets that can be used to produce goods and services.
They can be natural such as water, minerals and forests or human-made, like machinery and buildings
The main essential resources are food, water and territory (land)

96
Q

What does world population refer to?

A

The total number of humans currently in the world

97
Q

Which is the largest populated country in the world?

A

India or China

98
Q

What do you mean by population distribution?

A

The way in which people are spread across a given area, region or country and it can be uneven

99
Q

What is density of population?

A

The number of individuals living within that specific location detriments the population density

100
Q

Why does the government need to know about the population?

A

Population data is essential for planning purposes. Any country needs to know the size and composition of its population around age and structure

101
Q

Why does the government need to know about the distribution of population?

A

To plan how many schools, clinics, hospitals and jobs a country needs

102
Q

How does the growing population impact our Earth?

A
  • Increase resources demand
  • Habitat destruction
  • Environmental pressure
103
Q

How does pollution lead to global warming and acid rain?

A
  • Greenhouse gas emissions
  • Acidic emissions
  • Environmental impact
104
Q

How can we live in a sustainable way?

A
  • Reduce, reuse and recycle
  • Renewable energy
  • Sustainable practices

Y8 T3 (9 decks)

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