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Y8 T3 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Physical change

A

A change in a substance that doesn’t change what the substance is or its chemical properties, it only changes the appearance of a substance, so no new substances are formed.

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2
Q

Chemical change

A

When a substance combines with another and a new substance is formed.

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3
Q

Give examples of physical changes

A

Changes in shape, size, and state of matter

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4
Q

Give examples of how physical changes can be formed

A

Cutting, crushing, breaking

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5
Q

Can all physical changes be reversed?

A

Some, but not all physical changes can be reversed

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6
Q

Give examples of chemical changes

A

Burning, rusting, decomposing

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7
Q

What happens to the reactions in chemical reactions?

A

In a chemical reaction, the reactants combine together to form a new substance with different properties, energy can be given out in the form of heat or light and the change cannot be reversed.

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8
Q

Name some chemical reactions in living things

A

Digestion, respiration, photosynthesis

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9
Q

Word equation

A

They show the chemicals that react and are produced in a chemical reaction

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10
Q

Reactants

A

The substances that react together

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11
Q

Product

A

The new substances that are made in the reaction

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12
Q

Types of chemical reactions

A

When the reactants combine and form a new product and when the product breaks apart to produce 2 or more new substances

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13
Q

Burning

A

A chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas from the air, releasing heat and often light, and producing new substances

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14
Q

Is burning a physical or chemical change?

A

Chemical change

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15
Q

What is the new substance formed when burning?

A

Sometimes ash forms as the new substance

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16
Q

How can we compare the properties of reactants and products?

A

By comparing their physical state, color and chemical composition

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17
Q

What are the properties of magnesium?

A

It is soft and shiny, malleable, conducts electricity and is an element
Melting point: 651

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18
Q

What are the properties of oxygen?

A

It is a colourless gas, element and has no smell
Melting point: -214

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19
Q

What is the formula for reacting with metals and acids?

A

Metal + acid —-> salt + hydrogen

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20
Q

What happens when magnesium is placed in hydrochloric acid?

A

They react and form magnesium chloride (a salt) and hydrogen

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21
Q

What happens when zinc is placed in sulfuric acid?

A

They react and form zinc sulfate (a salt) and hydrogen

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22
Q

Write the word equation for magnesium and hydrochloric acid?

A

Magnesium + hydrochloric acid —–> magnesium chloride + hydrogen

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23
Q

Write the word equation for zinc and sulfuric acid?

A

Zinc + sulfuric acid —–> zinc sulfate + hydrogen

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24
Q

How can we test for hydrogen?

A

By using a burning splint. If we get a squeaky pop, hydrogen has been produced

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25
Q

What happens when hydrogen pops?

A

Hydrogen + oxygen —-> water

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26
Q

What is the formula for reacting with carbonates and acids?

A

Carbonate + acid —-> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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27
Q

What happen when limestone is placed in hydrochloric acid?

A

They react and form calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

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28
Q

Write the word equation for limestone and hydrochloric acid

A

calcium carbonate + hydrochloric —–> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

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29
Q

What happen when copper carbonate is placed in hydrochloric acid?

A

They react and form copper chloride + water + carbon dioxide

30
Q

Write the word equation for copper carbonate and hydrochloric acid

A

copper carbonate + hydrochloric —–> copper chloride + water + carbon dioxide

31
Q

How can we test for carbon dioxide?

A
  • We can use a lighted splint
  • We can use limewater, to see if it goes cloudy
32
Q

What happens in a chemical reaction when they get heated?

A

They form new combinations so no atoms are lost and no new atoms are produced

33
Q

What will happen to the mass of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid with a stopper?

A

The mass will stay the same because there is a stopper so no atoms can leave or enter

34
Q

Conservation of mass

A

The rule that no mass is lost or gained in a chemical reaction

35
Q

Who is Antoine Lavoisier?

A

A French scientist who carried out an experiment using the crucible in 1772. He repeated it a lot of times and found out he had an increase in mass every time so he came up with the idea that when we burn something it combines with a gas from the air that he named oxygen (He also found out that this gas is used in respiration as well)

36
Q

What will happen to the mass of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid without a stopper?

A

The gas escapes into the air because the flask is open. We cant measure the mass so it appears as if the mass decreases

37
Q

What will happen to the mass of magnesium and oxygen in a crucible?

A

The gas will increase because we are allowing oxygen to come into the crucible so the Magnesium oxide will be heavier

38
Q

How can we detect chemical reactions?

A
  • A color change
  • A gas is given off
  • Heat is produced
  • A change in pH
  • A precipitate is formed
39
Q

Color change

A

e.g when we heat black copper oxide with sulfuric acid produces a blue solution of copper sulfate

40
Q

What happens when copper oxide and sulfuric acid react together?

A

Copper oxide + sulfuric acid —> copper sulfate + water

41
Q

Gas is given off

A

e.g when magnesium is placed in hydrochloric acid bubbles of hydrogen gas are given off

42
Q

What happens when magnesium and hydrochloric acid react together?

A

Magnesium + hydrochloric —> magnesium chloride + hydrogen

43
Q

Change in pH

A

If you add potassium to water that contains a universal indicator you see the indicator change color from green to purple. This shows that the solution has become alkaline the pH has changed

44
Q

Heat is produced

A

e.g when potassium is placed in water, hydrogen gas is given off

45
Q

What happens when potassium and water react together?

A

potassium + water —> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

46
Q

Neutralization reaction

A

A reaction in which an acid and an alkali form a salt and water and when an acid is used to neutralize an alkali, there is also a change in ph

47
Q

A precipitate is formed

A

If you mix solutions of silver nitrate and calcium chloride, a chemical reaction takes place reaction, and an insoluble solid is formed (silver chloride). This is called a precipitate.
You might have used limewater to detect carbon dioxide.

48
Q

What happens when sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid react together?

A

sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid —> sodium chloride + water

49
Q

Why does carbon dioxide make limewater cloudy?

A

Carbon dioxide makes lime water turn cloudy because a precipitate of calcium carbonate forms.

50
Q

What is a solution of calcium hydroxide?

A

Limewater

51
Q

What happens when calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide react together?

A

calcium hydroxide + carbon dioxde —> calcium carbonate + water

52
Q

Rusting

A

A chemical reaction in which iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water to form iron oxide. It breaks down iron objects

53
Q

Name an unuseful chemical reaction

A

Rusting

54
Q

What is the chemical formula for rusting?

A

Iron + Oxygen —> iron oxide

55
Q

Is rusting a chemical or physical change?

A

Chemical change

56
Q

Rust is only formed when both ______ and _______ are present

A

Oxygen and water

57
Q

What colour is iron oxide?

A

It’s an orange-brown solid

58
Q

What causes iron to rust?

A

Water and air (or damp air)

59
Q

Does iron rust if only air is available?

A

No, because no water is available

60
Q

Does iron rust if air and water is available?

A

Yes, because water and air are available

61
Q

Does iron rust when calcium chloride is available?

A

No, because calcium chloride absorbs water so the air will be dry (dry air)

62
Q

Changes in all metals are _______________ but they aren’t rusting

A

Chemical changes

63
Q

Does iron rust when water and oil are available?

A

No, because oil stops any air from entering

64
Q

Give examples of changes in metal

A

Rusting and when a copper roof turns green

65
Q

How can iron be protected

A
  • It can be painted, so this stops the oxygen in the air from reaching the iron
  • It can be galvanised, so this stops the oxygen in the air from reaching the iron
66
Q

Galvanised

A

Covering iron with a layer of zinc

67
Q

______ isn’t apart of the rusting reaction but it’s needed for the reaction to happen

A

Water

68
Q

What is the word equation for iron and sulfur?

A

Iron + sulfur —> iron sulfide

69
Q

What are the reactants for iron sulfide?

A

iron and sulfur

70
Q

What is the product of iron and sulfur?

A

iron sulfide

71
Q

What are the properties of magnesium oxide?

A

It is a white and powdery compound
Melting point: 2800

Y8 T3 (9 decks)

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