SSR Exam 2

Question 1

confirmation bias

Answer 1

searching for confirmation of existing ideas

Question 2

hindsight bias

Answer 2

after seeing the results, you convince yourself that you had predicted this in advance

Question 3

perseverance bias

Answer 3

disproved ideas still affect our reasoning

Question 4

motivated skepticism

Answer 4

looking more critically at unexpected results than at finding predicted results

Question 5

bias blind spot

Answer 5

we think of ourselves that we are not bias and we think that other people are way more bias than we are

Question 6

direct replication

Answer 6

same experiment, different sample. good for filtering out random findings

Question 7

conceptual replication

Answer 7

different experiment, different sample, same phenomenon (concept)

Question 8

paradigma-driven

Answer 8

expand immediate replication with targeted procedural changes

Question 9

texas sharpshooter fallacy /

Answer 9

draw target after you shoot / normative neglect

Question 10

polynomial contrast

Answer 10

this tests for trends in the data and in its most basic form it looks for a linear trend

Question 11

orthogenal

Answer 11

when contrasts are independent

Question 12

quadratic trend

Answer 12

where there is a curve in the line

Question 13

cubic trend

Answer 13

where there are two changes in the direction of the trend

Question 14

quartic trend

Answer 14

this trend has three changers in direction (you need at least 5 categories of the independent variable)

Question 15

post hoc tests consist of

Answer 15

pairwise comparisons that are designed to compare all different combinations of the treatment groups

Question 16

assumption of homogeneity of regression slopes

Answer 16

means the the relationship between the covariate and outcome variable should be similar at different levels of the predictor variables

Question 17

assumption of sphericity

Answer 17

is about assuming that the relationship between scores in pairs of treatment conditions is similar (the level of dependence between means is roughly equal)

Question 18

commpound symmetry

Answer 18

which holds true when both the variances across conditions are equal and the covariances between pairs of conditions are equal

Question 19

mauchly’s test

Answer 19

assesses the hypothesis that the variances of the differences between conditions are equal

Question 20

lower bound estimate of sphericity

Answer 20

in which if there are five conditions the lower limit of green house geisser estimate will be 0.25

Question 21

mixed design

Answer 21

when a design includes some independent variable that were measured using different entities and others that used repeated measures§

Question 22

reference class/collective

Answer 22

the hypothetical infinite set of tosses (or events more generally)

Question 23

alpha is

Answer 23

the probability (long-run relative frequency) of a type 1 error when the null hypothesis is true

Question 24

sensitivity can be determined in 3 ways

Answer 24

power, confidence intervals and finding an effect significantly different form another reference one

Question 25

multivariate normality

Answer 25

in univariate models we assume that our residuals are normally distributed. in case of mania we assume that the residuals have multivariate normality

Question 26

homogeneity of covariance matrices

Answer 26

in manor we assume that this the variances in each group are roughly equal for each outcome variable, but also that the correlation between any two outcome variables is the same in all groups

Question 27

F statistic

Answer 27

represents a signal to noise ratio by dividing the model variance component by the error variance

Question 28

harking

Answer 28

hypothesising after the results are known

Question 29

black box argument

Answer 29

saying that some cognitive process is taking pace when infant you don’t know