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Psychology year 2 > Psych Assessment exam 1 > Flashcards

Psych Assessment exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

physiognomy

A

based on the notion that we can judge the inner character of people from their outward appearance, especially the face

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2
Q

phrenology

A

the idea that you can see personality traits or other mental things in the skulls form

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3
Q

construct validity

A

does the test measure what it is supposed to measure

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4
Q

criterion validity

A

does the test predict what it is supposed to predict

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5
Q

convergent validity

A

examine the relationships between a test and other tests that aim to measure the same construct.

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6
Q

discriminant validity

A

examining the relationships between the test and tests that measure other constructs

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7
Q

personality

A

a unique combination of psychological characteristics that are relatively stable over time. /an individuals unique constellation of psychological traits that is relatively stable over time

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8
Q

personality assessment

A

the measurement of evaluation of psychological traits, states, interests, attitudes, worldview, acculturation, sense of humor, cognitive and behavioural types and/or related individual characteristics

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9
Q

personality trait

A

any distinguishable relatively enduring way in which one ndividual varies from another

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10
Q

personality type

A

a constellation of traits that is similar in pattern to one identified category of personality within a taxonomy of personalities

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11
Q

profile

A

narrative description, graph, table or other representation of the extent to which a person has demonstrated certain targeted characteristics as a result of the administration or application of tools in assessment

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12
Q

state

A

any distinguishable relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another /the transitory exhibition of some personality trait

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13
Q

self-concept

A

may be defined as one’s attitudes, beliefs, opinions and related thoughts about oneself

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14
Q

self concept measure

A

an instrument designed to yield information relevant to how an individual sees him- or herself with regard to selected psychological variables

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15
Q

impression management

A

term used to describe the attempt to manipulate others’ impressions through ‘the selective exposure of some infomration’

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16
Q

validity scale

A

a subscala of a test defined to assist in judgments regarding how honestly the test taker responded and whether observed responses were products of response style, carelessness, delberate efforts to deceive or unintentional misunderstanding

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17
Q

graphology

A

learn something about the assessed by handwriting analysis

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18
Q

frame of reference

A

aspects of the focus of expres;oration such as the time frame (past present future) as well as other xcontextual issues that involve people, places and events

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19
Q

q-sort technique

A

an assessment technique in which the task is to sort a group of statements, usually in perceived rank order ranging from most descriptive to leas descriptive

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20
Q

nomothetic approach

A

measuring everyone on the same dimensions like the big 5/characterised by efforts to learn how a limited number of personality traits can be applied to people

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21
Q

idiographic approach

A

characterised by efforts to learn about each individual’s unique constellation of personality traits, with no attempt to characterise each person according to any particular set of traits

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22
Q

normative approach

A

to what extent he or she agrees with a statement, comparisons between persons/a testtakers responses and presumed strength of a measured trait are interpreted relative to the strength of that train in a sample of a larger population

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23
Q

criterion group

A

a reference group of testtakers who share specific characteristics and whose responses to test items served as a standard according to which items will be included in or discarded form the final version of a scale (empirical criterion keying)

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24
Q

behavioural assessment

A

what a person does in situations rather than on inferences about what attributes he has more globally

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25
timeline followback methodology
method of recording the frequency and intensity of target behaviour
26
ecological momentary assessment
handheld computer used to maintain an electronic diary of behaviour
27
reactivity
refers to the possible changes in an assesses behaviour, thinking, or performance that may arise in response to being observed, assessed, or evaluated
28
analogue study
a research investigation in which one or more variables are similar or analogous to the real variable that the investigator wishes to examine
29
analogue behavioural observation
may be defined as the observation of a person or persons in an environment designed to increase the chance that the assessor can observe targeted behaviour and interactions
30
situational performance measure
procedure that allows the observation and evaluation of an individual under a standard set of circumstances (drivers test)
31
leaderless group technique
situational assessment procedure wherein several people are organised into a group for the purpose of caring out a task as an observer records information related to individual group members' initiative, cooperation, leadership and related variables
32
psychophysiological methods
predicting human behaviour by physiological indices such as heart rate and blood pressure
33
biofeedback
class of psychophysiological assessment techniques designed to gauge, display and record a continuous monitoring of selected biological processes such as pulse and blood pressure
34
plethysmograph
biofeedback instrument that records changes in volume of a part of the body arising from variations in blood supply
35
penile plethysmograph
an instrument designed to measure changes in blood flow, but more specifically blood flow to the penis
36
contrast effect
a behavioural rating may be excessively positive (or negative) because a prior rating was excessively negative (or positive)
37
composite judgment
averaging of multiple judgments
38
integrity test
designed to predict employee theft, honesty, adherence to established procedures and or potential for violence
39
screening
superficial process of evaluation based on certain minimal standards, criteria or requirements
40
selection
process whereby each person evaluated for a position will be either accepted or rejected for that position
41
classification
rating, organisation with respect to two or more criteria
42
placement
disposition, transfer or assignment to a group or category that may be made on the basis of one criterion
43
leaderless group technique
performance test in the assessment of business leadership ability
44
in-basket technique
performance test frequently used to assess managerial ability, organisational skills and leadership potential
45
forced distribution technique
involves distributing a predetermined number or percentage of assesses into various categories that describe performance
46
critical incidents technique
involves a supervisor recording positive and negative employee behaviours
47
organizational commitment
refers to a persons feelings of loyalty to, identification with, and involvement in an organisation
48
copper era
perception and response speed or indicators of intelligence
49
fundamental attribution error
the tendency to oversestimate the influence of dispositions (traits) and to underestimate the influence of situational factors (states, reaction to situation). solution L pay attention to circumstances
50
confirmation bias
only search for and pay attention to information that is consistent with one's own conclusion. solution : actively look for info that conflicts with conclusions, hypotheses, beliefs
51
salience effect
giving more weight to striking information than non-striking information when drawing conclusion . conclusion : objective measurement, awareness
52
contrast error
general tendency to judge others in a manner opposite from the way in which one perceives himself/herself or a previous client due to a perceived difference between self and others or between clients. solution : objective measurement, awareness
53
illusory correlation
perceive links between tests and own conclusion, which do not exist empirically. solution : scientific approach
54
blind spot bias
tendency to see oneself as less baasde than other people and to be less able to recognise biases in oneself than in others. solution: awareness, scientific approach
55
scientific cycle
observation, induction, deduction, testing, evaluation
56
NIP code of ethics, basic principles
responsibility, integrity, respect, expertise
57
availability heuristic
overuse available info that is recent or otherwise striking info. "if I remember something, its important!"
58
halo and horn effect
observing one rpoprerty and linking other properties to create a coherent image 'is this person handsome? then probably nice, smart and funny"
59
stereotyping
attribute the characteristics s of a group to the person belonging to this group
60
mood and affect
``` m= reported by client a= observed by assessor ```
61
person-situation interaction
'if the situation is frustrating, and the person has a hot temper then aggression will be the result
62
predictive validity
does questionnaire x predict performance at work
63
complementary fit
profile of candidate meets the needs of the organisation and complement what is still missing
64
supplementary fit
candidate and organisation have the same or similar characteristics (both value autonomy)
65
acquiescence
ja-zegger in response style
66
relative norm scores
how do I score compared to others?
67
ipsative
score on one trait is compared with score on another trait (differences within person)
68
sign approach to traditional approach to assessment
test responses are deemed to be signs or clues t underlying personality or abiliity tests: personality test, cognitive ability test, integrity test, motivation questionnaire
69
sample approach
focuses in the behaviour it self. | test: leaderless group discussion, in basket exercise, role-play, situational performance measure
70
burnout
depersonalization, reduced personal accomplishment and exhaustion
71
adverse impact
risk of selecting a larger amount of majority group than minority group based on test results
72
coping
thoughts and behaviours that people use to manage the internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful

Psychology year 2 (9 decks)

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