SSGB Chapter 1 Flashcards
Who wrote the book “Out of Crisis” to help US companies compete with Japanese manufacturers?
Deming
Deming wrote a book called “Out of the Crisis” which set out 14 Management Guidelines which could be used by US companies to improve quality and compete with Japanese manufacturing.
Who proposed the “Quality Trilogy Model”?
Joseph M Juran
Joseph Juran proposed the “Quality Trilogy Model” – this model uses Quality Planning, Quality Improvement and Quality Control for improving quality.
According to Juran, Quality from a customer`s perspective has two aspects namely:
More Features and Freedom from trouble
Juran proposed that Quality from a customer perspective has two aspects : a) more features and b) freedom from trouble. So, improvement of quality should deliver these two aspects to customers.
Philip Crosby used the following parameter to measure quality:
Cost of non-conformance
According to Philip Crosby, Measurement of quality is the cost of non-conformance.
Which quality guru is credited with the discovery of cause and effect diagrams?
Ishikawa
Kaoru Ishikawa used cause and effect diagrams (also referred to as Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams) to systematically list all the causes that can be attributed to an effect (or problem).
What can be used to quantify the decrease in perceived value of the goods by the customer once the quality decreases?
Quality Loss Function
Taguchi devised the concept of “Quality Loss Function” to quantify the decrease in perceived value of the goods by the customer once the quality decreases
Which quality expert proposed that systems should have “robustness” i.e. ability to function satisfactorily in spite of the noise and external disturbance.
Taguchi
Genichi Taguchi : Manufacturing processes are impacted by the external disturbance i.e. noise which impacts quality of goods produced. The noise should be minimized wherever possible but some noise (e.g. bad weather) cannot be avoided. Systems should have “robustness” i.e. ability to function satisfactorily in spite of the noise and external disturbance.
Six sigma provided the ability to measure defects in range of :
- millions of opportunities
The person who first coined the term “Six Sigma” was Bill Cohen, an engineer with Motorola. Later, in 1986, Bill Smith, a senior scientist at Motorola, standardized the way in which defects are measured using Six Sigma. Instead of measuring defects in thousands of opportunities, Six Sigma provided the ability to measure defects in millions of opportunities – thereby providing significant improvement in quality.
As per Six Sigma philosophy, who is responsible for project sponsorship?
Executive Management
Executive Management (also referred to as Deployment Champions) is responsible for sponsorship of the project and allows for commitment of organization resources to the six sigma project.
Who liaises between black belts and the project team?
Green Belt
Six Sigma Green Belts serve as a liaison between the Black Belts and the project team. They perform the operations required for the six sigma project and work with the project team to ensure that appropriate deliverables are met.
Which of the following is a benefit of six sigma?
All of the above
There are several factors that make Six Sigma a more effective quality tool as compared with other traditional quality techniques namely: - Comprehensive - Project based approach - Cohesive process based approach - Quantitative Approach - Commitment from all levels of organization
Who are responsible for providing guidance and coaching others in the organization about the six sigma philosophy
Black Belts
Master Black Belts and Black Belts act as consultants and experts in Six Sigma. They are also responsible for providing guidance and coaching others in the organization about the six sigma philosophy.
What is the responsibility of deployment champions?
sponsorship of the project and allowing for commitment of organization resources to the six sigma project
Executive Management (also referred to as Deployment Champions) is responsible for sponsorship of the project and allows for commitment of organization resources to the six sigma project.
Six sigma refers to decreasing the number of defects to :
3.4 per million
Literally, Six Sigma refers to decreasing the number of defects to 3.4 defects per million opportunities (i.e. success rate of 99.9997%).
All the following are phases of six sigma DMAIC Methodology except
Increase
The different phases of the DMAIC Methodology are as follows: - Define, - Measure - Analyze - Improve - Control
