SS032 2nd lesson Flashcards
People throughout history are
shaped by their upbringing and societal
contexts. We must avoid imposing our
labels and values on past periods
Subjectivity
Our understanding of the
past relies on surviving remnants, which are
often incomplete and distorted.
Fragmentation
Sources of history are basically classified as:
Primary sources
Secondary sources
first-hand materials originating
from the time-period under examination.
Primary sources
Primary sources offer
authenticity and immediacy.
Who created the source? Were they eyewitness or relying
on others’ accounts?
Contex
What type of source is it? Is it a well-engraved inscription or a
hastily scribbled letter?
Form
Remember that everyone, including historical figures, is
shaped by their upbringing and societal context
Bias
3 challenges of primary sources
Context
Form
Bias
Source came from another individual
Eyewitness Accounts
Diaries, letters, treaties, contracts,
government records, and the like.
Primary Documents
- They tell us how known historical
personalities and figures really
looked like. - Reflect social conditions, historical
realities, and everyday life
Photographs
- Show political expression and
propaganda during a certain
time
Editorial Cartoons:
Shows drawings made during the past
Old Sketches and
Drawings
Cave drawings, artifacts,
fossils, ancient writings,
inscriptions.
Material Evidence of the Past
requires technology, modern way of primary source
Video and Audio
Recordings
statistical figures
from journals, music
and arts as they were
reflections of the
period when they
were created.
Other primary sources
are interpretations of primary
sources
Secondary sources
They are works that interpret and reconstruct the past
using primary sources. They are one step removed from the
actual events
Secondary sources
Secondary sources provide
context, analysis, and
synthesis
Forms of primary source
Eyewitness accounts
Primary documents
Photographs
Editorial Cartoons
Old sketches and Drawings
Material evidence of the past
Video and audio recordings
Other primary sources
Comparing
different sources on the same topic helps
establish consensus
Cross Examination
is a fundamental method in the field of
historiography. It encompasses various aspects of
historical research and analysis.
Historical criticism
This facet focuses on authenticity. Historians
evaluate the reliability and origin of historical
sources.
External Criticism
Here, historians scrutinize the credibility of the
content within a source.
Internal criticism
hey navigate the complexities of
historical narrative
Internal criticism
Gottschalk emphasized the role of individual
motives, actions, accomplishments, failures,
and contingencies in shaping historical
continuity and change.
Theory of History
Historians must select a subject for study and
then seek relevant information
Choosing a Subject and Gathering
Information
Key components of Historical Criticism:
External Criticism
Internal Criticism
Choosing a subject and gathering information
Theory of HIstory
