SS Lab

Question 1

The macula is the area of highest concentration of _____ and thus the area of greatest ____.

Answer 1

Cones; Visual acuity

Question 2

Normally, the macula appears more deeply ___ than the rest of the retina.

Answer 2

Pigmented

Question 3

T or F: The macula is supplied by retinal capillaries too fine to see through the ophthalmoscope.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The pit in the center of the macula which is located 2 disc diameters temporal is called a ____.

Answer 4

Fovea

Question 5

To visualize the macula during ophthalmoscopy have the patient

Answer 5

Look at the light

Question 6

Optic atrophy (nerve degeneration) causes the disc to appear ____.

Answer 6

Pale or white

Question 7

Increased intra-ocular pressure which leads to optic atrophy and visual loss is called ____.

Answer 7

Glaucoma.

Question 8

The normal cup to disc ratio should be:

Answer 8

less than 1:2

Question 9

Optic atrophy (nerve degeneration) causes the disc to appear ____.

Answer 9

Pale or white

Question 10

Pigment and scleral crescents are WML or NWNL?

Answer 10

WNL

Question 11

Which side of the disc (nasal or temporal) is usually harder to visualize?

Answer 11

Nasal

Question 12

T or F: Myelinated nerve fibers are a congenital anomaly.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

A large cup disc ratio where the cup is one half or more the diameter of the disc would make you suspect?

Answer 13

Glaucoma

Question 14

Negative or red numbers on the ophthalmoscope are used for patients with ____.

Answer 14

Myopia/nearsightedness

Question 15

Positive or black numbers on the ophthalmoscope are used for patients with ____.

Answer 15

Farsightedness/hyperopia

Question 16

Name the four areas to be observed during the fundoycopic exam and the correct order of observation:

Answer 16

Disc, Vessels, Background, Macula

Question 17

Why is the macula examined last?

Answer 17

Too sensitive

Question 18

Retinal vessels radiate from the:

Answer 18

Disc

Question 19

Micro aneurysms, distensions of retinal capillaries, located in the deeper layers of the retina, look very much like

Answer 19

Dot hemorrhage

Question 20

T or F: Uneven distribution of pigment within the funds is WNL.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Flame-shaped and linear ____ following the pattern of the nerve fibers are in the superficial layers of the retina.

Answer 21

Hemorrhages

Question 22

The normal A:V ratio should be

Answer 22

> 1 : 2

Question 23

T or F: Judgements about fundal vessels should not be made near the disc.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

If a fundal artery and vein cross each other, which one is most likely to become obstructed?

Answer 24

Veins

Question 25

Occlusion of the central retina artery can cause:

Answer 25

Visual loss, blindness.

Question 26

_____ usually accompany venous occlusion and stasis.

Answer 26

Hemorrhage.

Question 27

T or F: Generalized narrowing of the fundal vessels is considered WNL.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

T or F: A:V ratio of 2:3 or 3:4 is considered WNL.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

To align the ear for optimal visualization:
Adults pull ear:
Children pull ear:

Answer 29

Up and back; Down and back.

Question 30

The normal color of the tympanic membrane is ____.

Answer 30

Pale gray

Question 31

The skin lining the ear canal is painful, swollen and infected. Most likely diagnosis would be ____.

Answer 31

Acute otitis externa.

Question 32

A 5 YO childs ear drum has perforated releasing pus into the ear canal. Most likely diagnosis is ____.

Answer 32

Acute otitis media.

Question 33

If the tympanic membrane is retracted, handle of the malleus shortened, and if air bubbles or fluid level are visible, a possible diagnosis would be _____.

Answer 33

Serous otitis media.

Question 34

Patient presents w/ pain in the ear and complaint of pus occasionally leaking from the ear. During the exam, the patient experiences severe pain when the pinna is moved. Otoscopy reveals that the tympanic membrane is intact, non-bulging and non-erythematous. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 34

Otitis externa

Question 35

Patient presents w/ pain in the ear and complaint of pus occasionally leaking from the ear. Patient temp is 100.5 F. Otoscopy reveals that the tympanic membrane is perforated and erythematous. Walls of the external auditory canal are smooth and uninterrupted. What is most likely diagnosis?

Answer 35

Otitis media