Midterm Flashcards
adaptation of focus is called
accomodation
structure is made of tough fibrous connective tissue consisting of elastic and collagen fibers
sclera
ocular structure is responsible for a majority of the refraction of light in its path to the retina
cornea
these glands secrete an oily substance that mixes with the tear film layer and helps retard moisture evaporation
tarsal glands
the condition that is a result of the loss of elasticity of the lens is known as
presbyopia
aqueous humor fills the
anterior cavity only
what is the order of viewing the fundus
disc, vessels, background, macula
DVBM
the iris, ciliary body and choroid make up the
uveal tract
in order to examine the function of the inferior rectus muscle, you would have the patient
look inferior and lateral
all but which one of the following structures are found in the bony orbit
Cornea
the type of lens used to correct myopia
biconcave
which color range is most commonly affected due to color blindness
red green
in this condition there is an irregularity in the surface of the cornea, causing various degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the cornea. it is called
astigmatism
another term for exopthalmos is
proptosis
thin transparent membrane that covers anteria cornea and backside of the eyelid
conjunctiva
which of the following evaluation tools is used to identify presbyopia
snellen chart
this common condition of the eyelid is actually a granuloma of the meibomian
chalazion
marginal, staphylococcal and seborrheic are all forms of
conjunctivitis
a tonic pupil
reacts slowly to light
any obstruction in the nasal lacrimal duct causing stasis in the sac could develop into
dacryocystitis
this condition is a result of heptolenticular and neurological degeneration and presents as a yellowish-brown periphreal deposit in the cornea. the patient will have trouble with copper metabolism and transport
keyser fleishcer rings
this condition often accompanies lipid disorders and presents as a slightly raised yellow flat well circumscribed plaque in the skin of near the eyelid
xanthelasma
which of the following findings is not usually associated with the Argyll Robertson pupil
papillotonia
puffy eyelids (periorbital edema) are associated with all but which one of the following presentations
enopthalmos
a patient whose right eye drifts slowly to the right, the distance of 4mm, and quickly corrects to the left at the rate of approximately 30 times a min, would be considered to have
left, Slow, coarse, dissociated nystagmus
which of the complaints is not generally associated with a possible retinal detachment
blurred vision
a strabismus is
failure of ability to maintain proper eye axis
contraction of which muscle fibers are responsible for causing the lens to become less convex
radial and meridianal fibers
which of the following conditions is considered to be caused by debris in the vitreous
Motile Scotoma
which of the following conditions is considered to be the most common non traumatic cause of papilledema
tumor of sela turcica
this causes a slowly developing painless, progressive loss of central vision in the elderly and is NOT caused by opacity of the lens
presbyopia
this condition is a result of the lack of coordination of the extrinsic eye muscles
stabismus
argyll robertson pupil is
suggestive of CNS disorder
this condition of the optic disc can be a result of increased intracranial pressure
papilledema
which of the following condition is caused by any problem is the anterior chamber that inhibits slows of blocks the normal flow of aqueous from draining
glaucoma
for which of the following forms of conjunctivitis is referral must crucial
neonatal
which of the following forms of conjunctivitis is considered to be the most common cause of blindness in the world and is relatively rare in the US
bacterial (chlamdial)
the paramount symptom of this form of conjunctivitis is severe itching remember Benedryl
allergic
palpable pre-auricular lymph nodes are associated with which form of conjunctivitis
viral
which type of conjunctivitis can spread to the cornea and produce dendritiform lesions
viral (herpes simplex)
for which of the following presentations should a patient be refferred immediately to an ophthalmologist in order to prevent scarring and perforation of the cornea
All of the above
which of the following forms of glaucoma is is slowest to advance
chronic open angle
form of glaucoma is there obstruction on a microscopic level in the trabecular meshwork, preventing aqueous humor from draining out of the anterior chamber into schlemms canal
chronic open angle
differences in cupping and pallor between the two optic discs are especially important indicators of possible
glaucoma
this presentation can present with the visual sensation of flashing lights
scintillating scotoma
the appearance of a yellow sclera is termed
icterus
this disorder associated with blue sclera and multiple, spontaneous fractures
osteogenesis imperfecta
condition is considered to be caused by denaturing of proteins within the lens
cataract
patient suffers from left homonyms hemianopia you suspect a lesion of
right optic tract
normal reaction to ciliospinal reflex
mydriasis
most common pathological condition affecting visual acuity in elderly is
cataract
Which muscle is involved with extra ocular motion of the left eye towards the left inferior gaze
inferior rectus
Glaucoma is an eye disorder characterized by all of the following except
papilledema
The red eye syndrome is referred to inflammation of the following structure
conjunctiva
The term presbyopia is referring to a disorder of the
lens
The cause of exophthalmoses in hyperthyroidism is due to
proliferation of the retro bulbar fat
Seeing floater is associated with a disorder regarding the
vitreous
Glaucoma is medically managed by which of the following
miotic eye drops
A patient suffers from bitemporal hemianopia. You suspect a lesion of the
(choose two answers)
optic chiasm
pituitary tumor
Argyll Robertson pupils associated with which of the following of these abnormalities is not associated with
second stage syphilis
responds well to light
Ptosis in Horner’s syndrome is : (choose two answers)
partial ptosis
due to paralysis of Muller’s muscle of the lid
Which of the following does not involve a cranial nerve lesion
none of the above
Which cranial never is involved with extra ocular motion of the right eye towards the right lateral gaze
abducens (right)
the conjunctiva cover some or all parts of the of the following structures
except
lens
Which of the following fundoscopic exam nerve may indicate an increased intracranial pressure
papilledema
The pathway for the accommodation reflex is
AFF 2 EFF 3
Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply the eye
8
The correction of myopia is done by using
concave lens
The term 20/40 means
this person’s eye can see at 20 feet what a normal person would see at 40 feet
Which of the following are the triads for Rieter’s syndrome
Conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
A beam of light will follow this path
cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous
CALV
Which of the following may cause epiphora
Ectropion
Which 2 structures focuses light from the object that is being observed on the retina?
Cornea and Lens
The globe (eye) has poles located?
Med and Lat
Which is the correct order of coats (tunics) of the eyeball>
Fibrous scleral coat, uveal tract, retinal coat
Focus is maintained on the retina by ____, and the ____ thickness as objects draw closer to the eye
Ciliary muscle, lens
The sclera is…?
Tough fibrous connective tissue, maintains shape of eye, support and protect retina, ant 5/6 of eye
The cornea is…?
Tightly packed dense connective tissue, highly transparent and convex, 1/6 of the eye
The cornea is apps 0.5 mm thick and comprised of 5 layers. What is the proper order of those layers from ant. to post.?
Pavement epithelium, bowman layer, storma, descemets membrane, endothelium
PBSDE
Which layer is a clear acellular layer that is also a modified part of the stoma?
Bowmans layer
Which layer is 90% of thickness of cornea?
Corneal Stroma
Which layer is a clear elastic membrane?
Descemets membrane
The eyelid is which of the following?
Aka palpebral or blether, consist of skin, conjunctiva, and smooth and striated muscle, help distribute tears
Opening b/t 2 eyelids is…?
Palpebral fissure
Most medial structure is a pink bulb of fleshy conjunctival tissue…?
Lacrimal caruncle
The eyelids join at each side and form angles
Canthus
Thin transparent membrane lateral to caruncle
Plica semilunaris
Entire area of medial canthus is?
Lacrimal Lake
This structure drains the tears from the surface?
Lacrimal puncta
These structures are modified sebaceous glands that secret and oils substance mixers with the tear film layer and also helps break surface tension
Meibomian Glands aka Tarsal glands
Modified sebaceous glands that secrete oily substance that help give body to the cilia and helps keep lashed form becoming misdirected or entangled when wet
Ciliary glands
This is a highly irritable membrane that is the first line of defense against foreign bodies, infectious agent, irritant and contacting….
Conjunctiva
Goblet cels make up this outer layer of ____ that secretes mucin
Conjunctiva
Produces tears that moisten the eye by bathing the conjunctiva and the cornea
Lacrimal gland
Which gland produces the outer oily layer of tear film?
Meiobiam glands
Which gland produces the middle aqueous layer of tear film?
Tear glands
Which gland produces the inner mucin layer of tear film layer?
Conjunctiva (goblet cells)
Tears are composed of which of the following
Albumin, gamma globulins (IGA,IGG,IGE), lysozyme
Which of the following are internal muscles
Iris, and Ciliary muscle
Pupils fxns is to do which of the following?
Controls amount of light
_____ fibers constrict the pupil and are stimulated by _____
Circular fibers, parasympathetic
_____ fibers dilate the pupil and are stimulated by _____
Radial fibers, symp
The space b/t the cornea and the iris is called ____; the space b/t the ciliary body and the the lens is called ____
anterior chamber, post chamber
The ant chamber and post chamber make up the ____
Anterior cavity
This structure controls the shape of the lens and secretes aqueous fluid humor
Ciliary muscle
The ciliary muscle is comprised of which fibers?
Circular fibers, radial fibers, meridianal fibers
The completely transparent lens structure that refract light and focus it onto the fovea centralis of macula?
Lens
The lens is suspended from the ciliary by ____ which is made up of ____
AOTA
The ____ fibers are simp controlled; the _____ fibers are para controlled
Radial and Meridian, Circular
Presbyopia is a condition of…?
Loss of ability to accommodate bc dec in degree of elasticity of the lens
The ant cavity is filled with ____ and the post cavity is filled with ____
Aqueous humor, Viterous humor
Aqueous humor is drained from the ant chamber into?
Canal of schlemm
Inadequate drainage of the aqueous humor can lead to an excessive accumulation in fluid which result in…?
Intraocular pressure, glaucoma
Vitreous humor is made of ____ water and ____ collage and hyaluronic acid
99%, 1%
The vitreous is?
Clear, avascular, comprised 2/3 of volume and weight of eye, maintains the transparency and shape of the eye, saline may be used to replace it
The ____ in the fetus contains the ____ which supplies the lens with nutrients. This artery disappears soon after birth but the canal remains
Hyaloid canal, hyaloid artery
The retina is the ____ layer of the eye composed of light sensitive nerve tissue and pigment epithelium
Inner most
The ____ is the only place in the body that embryologically is not replaced
Vitrous Body
The light strike the retina and goes through sever layers, what is the order?
Internal limiting layer, striatum optimum, ganglion cells, inner plexiform, inner nuclear, outer nuclear, external limiting later, pigmented layer
The ____ is the nerve fiber layer and the ____ contains the rods and cones
Stratium opticum, Jacobs membrane
The choroidal layer is?
B/t the clear and retina, highly vascular layer, post portion of the uveal tract, nutrition of the outer portion of the retina
The uveal tract consist of?
Iris, Ciliary body, Choroid
Iritis is synovious of which of the following terms?
Iridocyclitis and ant uveitis
Choroditis aka
post uveitis
the globe is connected to the orbit by the ____ muscle of the eye aka _____
Extrinsic ocular, yoke muscles
