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Special Senses > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

adaptation of focus is called

A

accomodation

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2
Q

structure is made of tough fibrous connective tissue consisting of elastic and collagen fibers

A

sclera

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3
Q

ocular structure is responsible for a majority of the refraction of light in its path to the retina

A

cornea

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4
Q

these glands secrete an oily substance that mixes with the tear film layer and helps retard moisture evaporation

A

tarsal glands

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5
Q

the condition that is a result of the loss of elasticity of the lens is known as

A

presbyopia

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6
Q

aqueous humor fills the

A

anterior cavity only

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7
Q

what is the order of viewing the fundus

A

disc, vessels, background, macula

DVBM

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8
Q

the iris, ciliary body and choroid make up the

A

uveal tract

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9
Q

in order to examine the function of the inferior rectus muscle, you would have the patient

A

look inferior and lateral

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10
Q

all but which one of the following structures are found in the bony orbit

A

Cornea

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11
Q

the type of lens used to correct myopia

A

biconcave

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12
Q

which color range is most commonly affected due to color blindness

A

red green

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13
Q

in this condition there is an irregularity in the surface of the cornea, causing various degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the cornea. it is called

A

astigmatism

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14
Q

another term for exopthalmos is

A

proptosis

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15
Q

thin transparent membrane that covers anteria cornea and backside of the eyelid

A

conjunctiva

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16
Q

which of the following evaluation tools is used to identify presbyopia

A

snellen chart

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17
Q

this common condition of the eyelid is actually a granuloma of the meibomian

A

chalazion

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18
Q

marginal, staphylococcal and seborrheic are all forms of

A

conjunctivitis

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19
Q

a tonic pupil

A

reacts slowly to light

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20
Q

any obstruction in the nasal lacrimal duct causing stasis in the sac could develop into

A

dacryocystitis

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21
Q

this condition is a result of heptolenticular and neurological degeneration and presents as a yellowish-brown periphreal deposit in the cornea. the patient will have trouble with copper metabolism and transport

A

keyser fleishcer rings

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22
Q

this condition often accompanies lipid disorders and presents as a slightly raised yellow flat well circumscribed plaque in the skin of near the eyelid

A

xanthelasma

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23
Q

which of the following findings is not usually associated with the Argyll Robertson pupil

A

papillotonia

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24
Q

puffy eyelids (periorbital edema) are associated with all but which one of the following presentations

A

enopthalmos

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25
Q

a patient whose right eye drifts slowly to the right, the distance of 4mm, and quickly corrects to the left at the rate of approximately 30 times a min, would be considered to have

A

left, Slow, coarse, dissociated nystagmus

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26
Q

which of the complaints is not generally associated with a possible retinal detachment

A

blurred vision

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27
Q

a strabismus is

A

failure of ability to maintain proper eye axis

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28
Q

contraction of which muscle fibers are responsible for causing the lens to become less convex

A

radial and meridianal fibers

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29
Q

which of the following conditions is considered to be caused by debris in the vitreous

A

Motile Scotoma

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30
Q

which of the following conditions is considered to be the most common non traumatic cause of papilledema

A

tumor of sela turcica

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31
Q

this causes a slowly developing painless, progressive loss of central vision in the elderly and is NOT caused by opacity of the lens

A

presbyopia

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32
Q

this condition is a result of the lack of coordination of the extrinsic eye muscles

A

stabismus

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33
Q

argyll robertson pupil is

A

suggestive of CNS disorder

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34
Q

this condition of the optic disc can be a result of increased intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

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35
Q

which of the following condition is caused by any problem is the anterior chamber that inhibits slows of blocks the normal flow of aqueous from draining

A

glaucoma

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36
Q

for which of the following forms of conjunctivitis is referral must crucial

A

neonatal

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37
Q

which of the following forms of conjunctivitis is considered to be the most common cause of blindness in the world and is relatively rare in the US

A

bacterial (chlamdial)

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38
Q

the paramount symptom of this form of conjunctivitis is severe itching remember Benedryl

A

allergic

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39
Q

palpable pre-auricular lymph nodes are associated with which form of conjunctivitis

A

viral

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40
Q

which type of conjunctivitis can spread to the cornea and produce dendritiform lesions

A

viral (herpes simplex)

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41
Q

for which of the following presentations should a patient be refferred immediately to an ophthalmologist in order to prevent scarring and perforation of the cornea

A

All of the above

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42
Q

which of the following forms of glaucoma is is slowest to advance

A

chronic open angle

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43
Q

form of glaucoma is there obstruction on a microscopic level in the trabecular meshwork, preventing aqueous humor from draining out of the anterior chamber into schlemms canal

A

chronic open angle

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44
Q

differences in cupping and pallor between the two optic discs are especially important indicators of possible

A

glaucoma

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45
Q

this presentation can present with the visual sensation of flashing lights

A

scintillating scotoma

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46
Q

the appearance of a yellow sclera is termed

A

icterus

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47
Q

this disorder associated with blue sclera and multiple, spontaneous fractures

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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48
Q

condition is considered to be caused by denaturing of proteins within the lens

A

cataract

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49
Q

patient suffers from left homonyms hemianopia you suspect a lesion of

A

right optic tract

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50
Q

normal reaction to ciliospinal reflex

A

mydriasis

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51
Q

most common pathological condition affecting visual acuity in elderly is

A

cataract

52
Q

Which muscle is involved with extra ocular motion of the left eye towards the left inferior gaze

A

inferior rectus

53
Q

Glaucoma is an eye disorder characterized by all of the following except

A

papilledema

54
Q

The red eye syndrome is referred to inflammation of the following structure

A

conjunctiva

55
Q

The term presbyopia is referring to a disorder of the

A

lens

56
Q

The cause of exophthalmoses in hyperthyroidism is due to

A

proliferation of the retro bulbar fat

57
Q

Seeing floater is associated with a disorder regarding the

A

vitreous

58
Q

Glaucoma is medically managed by which of the following

A

miotic eye drops

59
Q

A patient suffers from bitemporal hemianopia. You suspect a lesion of the
(choose two answers)

A

optic chiasm

pituitary tumor

60
Q

Argyll Robertson pupils associated with which of the following of these abnormalities is not associated with

A

second stage syphilis

responds well to light

61
Q

Ptosis in Horner’s syndrome is : (choose two answers)

A

partial ptosis

due to paralysis of Muller’s muscle of the lid

62
Q

Which of the following does not involve a cranial nerve lesion

A

none of the above

63
Q

Which cranial never is involved with extra ocular motion of the right eye towards the right lateral gaze

A

abducens (right)

64
Q

the conjunctiva cover some or all parts of the of the following structures
except

A

lens

65
Q

Which of the following fundoscopic exam nerve may indicate an increased intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

66
Q

The pathway for the accommodation reflex is

A

AFF 2 EFF 3

67
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply the eye

A

8

68
Q

The correction of myopia is done by using

A

concave lens

69
Q

The term 20/40 means

A

this person’s eye can see at 20 feet what a normal person would see at 40 feet

70
Q

Which of the following are the triads for Rieter’s syndrome

A

Conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

71
Q

A beam of light will follow this path

A

cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous

CALV

72
Q

Which of the following may cause epiphora

A

Ectropion

73
Q

Which 2 structures focuses light from the object that is being observed on the retina?

A

Cornea and Lens

74
Q

The globe (eye) has poles located?

A

Med and Lat

75
Q

Which is the correct order of coats (tunics) of the eyeball>

A

Fibrous scleral coat, uveal tract, retinal coat

76
Q

Focus is maintained on the retina by ____, and the ____ thickness as objects draw closer to the eye

A

Ciliary muscle, lens

77
Q

The sclera is…?

A

Tough fibrous connective tissue, maintains shape of eye, support and protect retina, ant 5/6 of eye

78
Q

The cornea is…?

A

Tightly packed dense connective tissue, highly transparent and convex, 1/6 of the eye

79
Q

The cornea is apps 0.5 mm thick and comprised of 5 layers. What is the proper order of those layers from ant. to post.?

A

Pavement epithelium, bowman layer, storma, descemets membrane, endothelium
PBSDE

80
Q

Which layer is a clear acellular layer that is also a modified part of the stoma?

A

Bowmans layer

81
Q

Which layer is 90% of thickness of cornea?

A

Corneal Stroma

82
Q

Which layer is a clear elastic membrane?

A

Descemets membrane

83
Q

The eyelid is which of the following?

A

Aka palpebral or blether, consist of skin, conjunctiva, and smooth and striated muscle, help distribute tears

84
Q

Opening b/t 2 eyelids is…?

A

Palpebral fissure

85
Q

Most medial structure is a pink bulb of fleshy conjunctival tissue…?

A

Lacrimal caruncle

86
Q

The eyelids join at each side and form angles

A

Canthus

87
Q

Thin transparent membrane lateral to caruncle

A

Plica semilunaris

88
Q

Entire area of medial canthus is?

A

Lacrimal Lake

89
Q

This structure drains the tears from the surface?

A

Lacrimal puncta

90
Q

These structures are modified sebaceous glands that secret and oils substance mixers with the tear film layer and also helps break surface tension

A

Meibomian Glands aka Tarsal glands

91
Q

Modified sebaceous glands that secrete oily substance that help give body to the cilia and helps keep lashed form becoming misdirected or entangled when wet

A

Ciliary glands

92
Q

This is a highly irritable membrane that is the first line of defense against foreign bodies, infectious agent, irritant and contacting….

A

Conjunctiva

93
Q

Goblet cels make up this outer layer of ____ that secretes mucin

A

Conjunctiva

94
Q

Produces tears that moisten the eye by bathing the conjunctiva and the cornea

A

Lacrimal gland

95
Q

Which gland produces the outer oily layer of tear film?

A

Meiobiam glands

96
Q

Which gland produces the middle aqueous layer of tear film?

A

Tear glands

97
Q

Which gland produces the inner mucin layer of tear film layer?

A

Conjunctiva (goblet cells)

98
Q

Tears are composed of which of the following

A

Albumin, gamma globulins (IGA,IGG,IGE), lysozyme

99
Q

Which of the following are internal muscles

A

Iris, and Ciliary muscle

100
Q

Pupils fxns is to do which of the following?

A

Controls amount of light

101
Q

_____ fibers constrict the pupil and are stimulated by _____

A

Circular fibers, parasympathetic

102
Q

_____ fibers dilate the pupil and are stimulated by _____

A

Radial fibers, symp

103
Q

The space b/t the cornea and the iris is called ____; the space b/t the ciliary body and the the lens is called ____

A

anterior chamber, post chamber

104
Q

The ant chamber and post chamber make up the ____

A

Anterior cavity

105
Q

This structure controls the shape of the lens and secretes aqueous fluid humor

A

Ciliary muscle

106
Q

The ciliary muscle is comprised of which fibers?

A

Circular fibers, radial fibers, meridianal fibers

107
Q

The completely transparent lens structure that refract light and focus it onto the fovea centralis of macula?

A

Lens

108
Q

The lens is suspended from the ciliary by ____ which is made up of ____

A

AOTA

109
Q

The ____ fibers are simp controlled; the _____ fibers are para controlled

A

Radial and Meridian, Circular

110
Q

Presbyopia is a condition of…?

A

Loss of ability to accommodate bc dec in degree of elasticity of the lens

111
Q

The ant cavity is filled with ____ and the post cavity is filled with ____

A

Aqueous humor, Viterous humor

112
Q

Aqueous humor is drained from the ant chamber into?

A

Canal of schlemm

113
Q

Inadequate drainage of the aqueous humor can lead to an excessive accumulation in fluid which result in…?

A

Intraocular pressure, glaucoma

114
Q

Vitreous humor is made of ____ water and ____ collage and hyaluronic acid

A

99%, 1%

115
Q

The vitreous is?

A

Clear, avascular, comprised 2/3 of volume and weight of eye, maintains the transparency and shape of the eye, saline may be used to replace it

116
Q

The ____ in the fetus contains the ____ which supplies the lens with nutrients. This artery disappears soon after birth but the canal remains

A

Hyaloid canal, hyaloid artery

117
Q

The retina is the ____ layer of the eye composed of light sensitive nerve tissue and pigment epithelium

A

Inner most

118
Q

The ____ is the only place in the body that embryologically is not replaced

A

Vitrous Body

119
Q

The light strike the retina and goes through sever layers, what is the order?

A

Internal limiting layer, striatum optimum, ganglion cells, inner plexiform, inner nuclear, outer nuclear, external limiting later, pigmented layer

120
Q

The ____ is the nerve fiber layer and the ____ contains the rods and cones

A

Stratium opticum, Jacobs membrane

121
Q

The choroidal layer is?

A

B/t the clear and retina, highly vascular layer, post portion of the uveal tract, nutrition of the outer portion of the retina

122
Q

The uveal tract consist of?

A

Iris, Ciliary body, Choroid

123
Q

Iritis is synovious of which of the following terms?

A

Iridocyclitis and ant uveitis

124
Q

Choroditis aka

A

post uveitis

125
Q

the globe is connected to the orbit by the ____ muscle of the eye aka _____

A

Extrinsic ocular, yoke muscles

Special Senses (4 decks)

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