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SPT5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the most common form of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis

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2
Q

Which of the following types of arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease?

A

B and C correct

B. Rheumatoid artritis
C. Ankylosing spondylitis

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3
Q

Which of the following is included with the signs and symptoms of arthritis?

A

All the above

Pain
Stiffness
Crepitus
Deformity

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4
Q

Which of the following is used to confirm an arthritis diagnosis?

A

A,B,C correct
(All the above)

X-rays
Ultrasound
MRI

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5
Q

TF: Muscle loss, muscle weakness, and fatigue are related impairments to ankylosing spondylitis

A

True

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6
Q

TF: The onset for OA is typically earlier than either RA or AS

A

False

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7
Q

TF: RA typically affects the weight-bearing joints

A

False

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8
Q

TF: Non-specific measures of systemic inflammation can be used to assess disease activitye.

A

True

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9
Q

Which of the following is the preferred mode of exercise testing in patients with arthritis?

A

Cycling

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10
Q

Which of the following should be included in a treatment strategy for individuals with arthritis?

A

All the above

a. Counteract physical inactivity
b. Restore healthy body composition
c. Improve physical function
d. Reduce comorbid symptoms

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11
Q

Which of the following exercise intensities is typically prescribed by doctors when advising patients with arthritis?

A

Light

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12
Q

Which of the following is included as a mode for exercise for the treatment of arthritis?

A

All the above

Walking
Cycling
Rowing
Swimming

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13
Q

TF: Standard peak VO2 prediction equations to estimate functional capacity may be used in patients with arthritis and are accurate

A

False

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14
Q

TF: Doctors accurately tell patients with arthritis the appropriate exercises to perform to help treat their arthritis

A

False

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15
Q

TF: Individuals with arthritis need appropriate education and encouragement to increase and maintain their amount of physical activity

A

True

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16
Q

TF: Exercise does not increase the risk for the development of osteoarthritis and does not exacerbate joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis

A

True

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17
Q

Which of the following is the cut-point for osteoporosis?

A

BMD T-score =-2.5

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18
Q

Which of the following is when peak bone mass is obtained?

A

Late 20’s

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19
Q

Which of the following hormones is important in maintaining bone health?

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

Which of the following are common sites for fracture in individuals with osteoporosis?

A

All the above

Wrist
Hip
Spine
Humerus

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21
Q

TF: Women are at greatest risk for developing osteoporosis after menopause

A

True

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22
Q

TF: Bone modeling is the primary mechanism for maintaining bone mineral density during adulthood

A

False

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23
Q

TF: A person is determined to be at risk of falls if s/he has fallen once within the last 12 months

A

False

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24
Q

TF: DEXA is the most commonly used technology for measuring BMD.

A

True

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25
Q

Which of the following is the preferred mode of exercise testing in patients with osteoporosis?

A

Cycling

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26
Q

Which of the following should be measured to test flexibility in individuals with osteoporosis?

A

C and D correct

C. Joint angle
D. Range of motion

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27
Q

Which of the following is included in spine-sparing strategies for individuals with osteoporosis?

A

All the above

a. Postural alignment
b. Proper body mechanics
c. Increase muscular endurance of spinal extensors
d. Stretch muscles that restrict mobility

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28
Q

Which of the following is the cumulative total of moderate-intensity physical activity per week for individuals with osteoporosis?

A

None of the above

150-300 min

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29
Q

TF: Osteoporosis is considered an absolute indication to exercise testing by the ACSM

A

False

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30
Q

TF: Individuals with osteoporosis should not engage in progressive resistance training

A

False

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31
Q

TF: Much of the information that has been gained about osteoporosis has utilized animal models

A

True

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32
Q

TF: Shorter, more frequent bouts of exercise are appropriate for individuals with osteoporosis who are new to exercise

A

True

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33
Q

Which of the following is recommended as a part of treating low back pain?

A

A and B correct

A. Avoid prolonged bed rest
B. Stay as physically active as possible without aggravating the condition

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34
Q

Which of the following is the region where low back pain occurs in the spine?

A

Lumbosacral

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35
Q

Which of the following is when many adults describe a first episode of low back pain?

A

Athletic competition in high school

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36
Q

Which of the following are structures that may be involved with low back pain?

A

All the above

a. Interspinous ligament
b. Intervertebral joint capsules
c. Vertebral fascia
d. Paravertebral muscles

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37
Q

TF: There is a consensus on the optimal type and dose of exercise to use for the management of low back pain

A

False

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38
Q

TF: Low back pain is characterized by pain that occurs in the areas of the back below the ribs and above the distal fold of the buttocks

A

True

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39
Q

TF: Carrying backpacks over a single shoulder does not contribute to low back pain in children and adolescents

A

False

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40
Q

TF: Up to 85% of low back pain has no identifiable cause

A

True

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41
Q

Which of the following are associated with work preparedness obstacles with low back pain?

A

High physical or mental work demands

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42
Q

Which of the following are associated with environmental and social obstacles with low back pain?

A

Detachment from the labor market

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43
Q

Which of the following situations are associated with recurrences in low back pain?

A

All the above

a. Particular sporting activities
b. Spinal flexion when lifting
c. Prolonged postures as with driving

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44
Q

Which of the following is considered a primary prevention strategy to low back pain?

A

A and B correct

A. Be physically active
B. Vary postures during prolonged sitting

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45
Q

TF: A treatment approach that focuses on risk factors and prevention rather than pathologies of low back pain is best

A

True

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46
Q

TF: Surgical treatment has a high rate of success in cases of disc herniation

A

True

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47
Q

TF: Low back pain does not in itself indicate a need for a graded exercise test

A

True

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48
Q

TF: The exercise prescription should focus on promotion of functional improvement rather than reducing pain

A

True

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49
Q

Which of the following is included as a cause of spinal cord injury?

A

All the above

Motor vehicle collisions
Falls
Acts of violence
Sports and recreation activities

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50
Q

Which of the following is involved with the primary injury of a spinal cord injury?

A

A and B correct

A. Damage to neural tracts

B. Damage to vascular structures

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51
Q

Which of the following is involved in the disruption of the autonomic nervous system in a spinal cord injury?

A

A and B correct

A. Modulating heart rate
B. Modulating metabolism

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52
Q

Which of the following is a common adaptation to the cardiovascular system?

A

Bradycardia

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53
Q

TF: Both tetraplegia and paraplegia include dysfunction of the arms and legs

A

False

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54
Q

TF: Advances in acute care have significantly reduced the number of complete spinal cord injuries

A

True

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55
Q

TF: A complete spinal cord injury will interrupt the transmission of afferent signals below the lesion

A

True

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56
Q

TF: A pair of nerves arises from each vertebral segment

A

True

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57
Q

Which of the following is a common adaptation to the endocrine system?

A

Glucose intolerance

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58
Q

Which of the following are comorbid medical issues that are common among patients with a spinal cord injury?

A

All the above

  • Peripheral artery disease
  • Respiratory complications
  • Osteoporosis
  • Obesity
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59
Q

Which of the following is the most often used mode of cardiorespiratory exercise testing?

A

Arm-crank ergometry

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60
Q

Which of the following is considered an absolute contraindication to exercise testing for individuals with spinal cord injuries?

A

All the above

  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Autonomic dysreflexia
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Pressure ulcers
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61
Q

TF: A history of alcohol abuse is common in spinal cord injuries

A

True

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62
Q

TF: Pressure ulcers are exacerbated in persons with spinal cord injury because they are unable to feel the sensations of tingling, discomfort, and pain

63
Q

TF: The greatest levels of neurological deficit lead to an increased risk of disordered carbohydrate metabolism

64
Q

TF: Peak heart rate will likely exceed 120 beats/min in individuals with complete tetraplegia

65
Q

Which of the following characterizes multiple sclerosis?

A

Nerve demyelination

66
Q

Which of the following cells are thought to be the primary cells involved in multiple sclerosis?

67
Q

Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis is characterized by disease relapses with either a full recovery or a deficit after recovery?

A

Relapsing-remitting

68
Q

Which of the following is reported to improve symptomatic fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis?

A

Cooling environment

69
Q

TF: Males are more likely to be affected by multiple sclerosis than women

70
Q

TF: There appears to be a genetic component to multiple sclerosis

71
Q

TF: The most prevalent course of multiple sclerosis is progressive-relapsing

A

False

relapsing-remitting, RRMS

72
Q

TF: Muscle spasticity may limit voluntary movement during extension in individuals with multiple sclerosis

73
Q

Which of the following should be considered before a person with multiple sclerosis engages in exercise testing?

A

All the above

  • loss of muscle strength
  • symptomatic fatigue
  • poor flexibility
  • gait abnormality
74
Q

Which of the following is commonly used as a diagnostic tool for multiple sclerosis?

75
Q

Which of the following testing modalities is commonly used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness?

76
Q

Which of the following is used to monitor exercise testing for cardiorespiratory fitness?

77
Q

TF: In individuals with multiple sclerosis, skeletal muscle fatigue may occur before cardiorespiratory fatigue

78
Q

TF: Information from an exercise test can be used to formulate an exercise prescription in individuals with multiple sclerosis

79
Q

TF: Range of motion can be assessed with a goniometer in individuals with multiple sclerosis

80
Q

TF: Moderate intensity is the ideal target intensity when symptoms of multiple sclerosis are not present

81
Q

Which of the following would have the greatest risk of developing cerebral palsy?

A

Gestational age at birth = 27 weeks; Birth weight = 1200 g

82
Q

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cerebral palsy?

A

All the above

a. Bacterial meningitis
b. Traumatic brain injury
c. Anoxia as a result of near drowning
d. Toxins that cause heavy metal encephalopathy

83
Q

Which of the following may be affected in the development of cerebral palsy?

A

A and B correct

A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum

84
Q

Which of the following is a motor disturbance that is often seen with individuals with cerebral palsy?

A

A, B, and C correct
(all the above?)

A. spasticity
B. Dyskinsia
C. Ataxia

85
Q

TF: Individuals with cerebral palsy have an increased economic cost of walking

86
Q

TF: From 26-32 weeks gestation, a noxious event may affect the white matter development in the brain

87
Q

TF: Lesions to the corticospinal tracts are associated with dyskinesia in cerebral palsy

88
Q

TF: Prenatal or perinatal risk factors account for ~75% of all cases of cerebral palsy

89
Q

Which of the following areas is commonly affected with pain?

A

All the above

Lower extremeties
Neck
Shoulders
Back

90
Q

Which of the following is described when both lower limbs and an upper limb is affected with spasticity?

91
Q

Which of the following is a commonly observed posture in the lower limbs?

A

Hip flexion

92
Q

Which of the following should be collected during a graded exercise test if expired gas collection is not possible?

A

All the above

a. End-test time
b. Stage of test reached
c. Heart rate
d. Blood pressure

93
Q

TF: The ankles and hips typically have limited range of motion in individuals with cerebral palsy

94
Q

TF: A medical examination is not needed for someone with cerebral palsy who wants to exercise at a light intensity

95
Q

TF: Cardiorespiratory testing protocols are often individualized for individuals with cerebral palsy

96
Q

TF: 1RM testing is recommended for individuals with cerebral palsy

97
Q

Which of the following is the most common form of stroke?

98
Q

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes?

A

Hypertension

99
Q

Which of the following is described by a blood clot that breaks off from a vessel and blocks a smaller cerebral artery or arteriole?

100
Q

Which of the following is where stroke lands on the leading causes of death in the United States?

A

None of the above

fifth

101
Q

TF: Women have a higher lifetime risk of stroke than men

102
Q

TF: There is a reduced risk of women having a stroke during pregnancy

103
Q

TF: There is usually significant warning signs for a hemorrhagic stroke

104
Q

TF: Risk factors for a stroke are the same as coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease.

105
Q

Which of the following is main diagnostic test to assess impending occlusions that could cause an ischemic stroke?

A

B, C, and D correct

B. Ultrasound
C. Magnetic resonance imaging
D. Angiography

106
Q

Which of the following should be included in testing muscular strength in patients with stroke?

A

C and D correct

C. 10RM
D. Handgrip

107
Q

Which of the following is the primary aim of physical therapy in patients with stroke?

A

a. Restore balance
b. Restore movement
c. Restore coordination

108
Q

Which of the following should be the focus of cardiovascular overload in a patient with stroke?

109
Q

TF: Contraindications to exercise testing are the same for patients with stroke as they are with other populations

110
Q

TF: A graded exercise tests can be used for all individuals with stroke

111
Q

TF: Pharmacological treatment of a stroke will vary depending on the type of stroke

112
Q

TF: It is not uncommon for individuals with stroke to need speech therapy when the speech area of the brain has been affected by stroke

113
Q

% of US adults effected by chronic arthritis

114
Q

This is the recommended weight of backpacks for children and adolescents

A

Should not exceed 10-20% of body weight

115
Q

These joints are commonly affected by osteoarthritis

A

Hands, feet, spine, hips, knees

116
Q

Tightness in which muscles is a risk factor for low-back pain

A

Hamstrings and hip flexors

117
Q

This is the recommended repetition maximum in assessing muscular strength in people with arthritis

118
Q

These are the two areas of the brain that are most commonly affected in cerebral palsy

A

Cerebrum and Cerebellum

119
Q

This is the etiology of multiple sclerosis

120
Q

Individuals with cerebral palsy are at a higher risk for the development of these diseases

A

Osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases

121
Q

This type of assessment is important for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

122
Q

This type of volume of resistance training is recommended for individuals with cerebral palsy

A

High Volume

123
Q

This is the cut-point for osteoporosis based on bone mineral density T-score

A

T-score = -2.5

124
Q

A deficiency in this hormone reduces the bone accrual or bone loss in females

125
Q

This is the risk increase in all-cause mortality in 3 months following a hip fracture in older adults

126
Q

These variables are included in the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness for individuals with osteoporosis

A

VO2, Mets, RPE, HR/BP responses

important in finding contraindications for exercise

127
Q

These are possible progressions to include for balance training in people with osteoporosis

A
  • Reducing reliance on upper limb support
  • Reduce base of support
  • move center of mass or shift to limits of stability
  • add perturbation
  • reduce vision
  • add cognitive task
128
Q

A stroke is characterized by this

A

Buildup or atherosclerotic plaque in cerebrovascular arteries

causing lack of bloodflow to the brain

129
Q

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by these features

A

Bradykinesia (slow movement)
Muscular rigidity
4-6 Hz resting tremor
Postural instability

130
Q

This is the major diagnostic tool for hemorrhagic stroke

A

Computerized tomography (CT)

131
Q

This type of field test has been used as an indirect measure of cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with PD

A

6-min walk

distance traveled

132
Q

These adaptations are observed in skeletal muscle strength in patients with stroke

A

Increased isokinetic strength

Improved upper extremity function

133
Q

This is the location of a spinal cord injury for an individual with tetraplegia

A

Cervical segments of the spinal cord

134
Q

This is the cause of secondary injury in a spinal cord injury

A

Hemorrhage and local edema within the cord

135
Q

This occurs to the cardiovascular system in response to an acute cervical or upper thoracic SCI

A

Bradycardia

136
Q

This is the most common cardiorespiratory test mode for patients with SCI

A

Arm-crank ergometry

137
Q

These are considered absolute contraindications to exercise testing in patients with SCI

A
  • Autonomic dysreflexia
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • recent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
138
Q

Which of the following is included as key features of Parkinson’s disease?

A

All the above

  • Bradykinesia
  • Muscular rigidity
  • 4-6Hz resting tremor
  • Postural instability
139
Q

Which of the following is the percentage of Parkinson’s disease that is due to unknown causes?

140
Q

Which of the following is the diagnostic test for Parkinson’s disease?

A

None of the above

DaTscan

141
Q

Which of the following is the recommended exercise testing modality for individuals with balance or gait issues as a result of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Cycle ergometer

142
Q

TF: Gait abnormalities in patients with Parkinson’s disease increase the risk of falls and disability

143
Q

TF: All individuals with Parkinson’s disease will be able to complete a VO2max test with a metabolic analyzer

144
Q

TF: Balance does not need to be assessed prior to using the five times sit-to-stand test to assess muscular strength and endurance in patients with Parkinson’s disease

145
Q

TF: Bradykinesia can manifest as difficulties with fine motor tasks.

146
Q

Which of the following is often used to measure range of motion in specific joints in patients with Parkinson’s disease?

A

Goniometer

147
Q

Which of the following is usually the first line of therapy for treatment of Parkinson’s disease?

A

A and B correct

A. Dopamine precursors
B. Dopamine agents

148
Q

Which of the following is included as a benefit to exercise in patients with Parkinson’s disease?

A

All the above

  • Improved cognition
  • Improved gait performance
  • Improved quality of life
  • Delay of secondary symptoms
149
Q

Which of the following is the aim for cardiorespiratory exercise intensity using RPE in patients with Parkinson’s disease?

150
Q

TF: Physical activity recommendations regarding strength training of healthy older adults should not be applied to patients with Parkinson’s disease

151
Q

TF: All types of exercise produce the same benefits in patients with Parkinson’s disease

152
Q

TF: Orthostatic hypotension is one of the most prevalent and disabling nonmotor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease

153
Q

TF: Yoga or tai chi may be used to help patients with Parkinson’s disease with improving range of motion

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