SPT3 Flashcards
Which gas is considered an important vasodilator of the blood vessels?
Nitric oxide
T/F: In a successfully revascularized patient, the exercise test provides additional
information before the patient starts a cardiac rehabilitation program
False
A typical treadmill graded exercise test for an individual with PAD would
begin at which speed?
2 mph
T/F: A small number of patients with myocardial ischemia present with silent
ischemia
True
T/F: Home-based programs have been considered successful interventions in
patients with PAD
False
Which of the following sequences are correct in the development of angina
pectoris?
Stiff left ventricle, Systolic emptying of left ventricle is
impaired, ECG abnormalities, Symptoms of angina
Design a clinical exercise test for the aerobic assessment of heart failure
For a patient with heart failure, I would have them do a 6
minute walk. I would make sure to record their distance
travelled, HR and RPE’s this is so that we can tell just how hard
it is for the patient and ensure that they are not going to put
themselves at risk. Another thing that could be measured
would be their gas exchange to determine peak oxygen uptake.
Typical symptoms of leg pain in patients with claudication include
A and B correct
A. Fatigue
B. Cramping
Which of the following benefits are possible after exercise training in
patients with coronary revascularization?
All of the above
- Greater total work performed
- Improved exercise capacity
- Improved cardiac performance at rest
- Increased peripheral muscular adaptations
T/F: Pacemakers that use an accelerometer may have a difficult time in
determining the heart rate response in exercise with an increased treadmill
slope
True
T/F: Patients with heart failure may be able to weight train with resistances that
would allow one set of 12-15 repetitions to be completed
True
In ECG of patients with heart failure, which of the following are present?
Changes in Q-wave in leads V1, V2, V3, V4
T/F: In an ECG of a myocardial infarction, the ST segment will be at the
isoelectric line
False
T/F: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs may be used as an exercise
program for individuals in early stages of cardiac rehabilitation
False
In the management of a myocardial infarction, which drug is considered an
anti-coagulant?
Heparin
There is an __ increase in mortality at 1 year for every 30-minute delay in
opening an infarct-related artery once symptoms begin
8%
T/F: The United States contributes almost a third of the worldwide economic
burden of heart failure
True
T/F: Blood pressure should be monitored in individuals with a pacemaker while
exercising
True
T/F: Exercise testing is useful in determining the degree of functional limitations
in patients with PAD
True
Signs and symptoms such as difficulty sleeping flat are often found in
patients with
Heart failure
Why would a bench press be contraindicated in early phase cardiac
rehabilitation?
The valsalva maneuver must be avoided when patients are just
out of the hospital/starting cardiac rehab. If the patient was to
do a bench press they would be putting a lot of strain on their
chest. This is especially bad for those who have had open heart
surgery. This is because they have had their chest cracked open
and they should not be completing any upper body exercise for
at least the !rst 6 weeks.
The main contributor to a coronary syndrome is
Atherosclerosis
T/F: Rhythm disorders that involve the SA node are classified as sick sinus
syndrome
True
Which of the following frequencies of exercise is recommended for
someone exercising at a low intensity?
Daily activity
Stent therapy has a success rate of
95%
Which of the following is the predominant factor responsible for increasing
cardiac output during exercise?
Heart rate
T/F: Individuals with PAD are at an increased risk for kidney disease
True
Which of the following should guide an exercise professional in the
development of an exercise prescription in an individual with a pacemaker?
RPE
T/F: Approximately 50% of all cardiovascular deaths are due to coronary heart
disease
True
In a 6-minute walking test, which of the following is the test outcome?
Distance traveled
T/F: Pharmacological treatment of claudication in patients with PAD has been
largely ineffective
True
Describe the process of atherogenesis
Smooth muscle cells and !broblasts migrate from the media to
the intima. Monocytes also migrate into the intima after they
have adhered to the injured endothelium. The LDLc enters the
arterial wall and undergoes the process of oxidation. Forming
foam cells that may release their cholesterol into extracellular
space, giving rise to fatty streaks, the earliest visually detectable
lesion of atherosclerosis. Immune system cells, T lymphocytes,
are in the fatty streaks and they are part of the inflammatory
T/F: Chronic anticoagulation therapy is still required after a stent placement
False
Which of the following pathophysiologies is present in heart failure?
All of the above
- Reduced ejection fraction
- Increased left ventricle mass
- Edema
- Imbalance of autonomic nervous system
Which of the following is an example of a failure of the heart to relay the
impulse to the ventricles?
Block at the AV node
T/F: Ischemic heart disease is the underlying cause of HF in about 60% of the
cases
True
T/F: Poor limb functioning in patients with PAD is not related to disability or mortality
False
Identify 2 of the arteries for palpating lower extremity pulses in individuals
with PAD
femoral and popliteal arteries
T/F: A poor response to exercise training may be indicative of restenosis
True
In which condition is it possible to hear a third heart beat?
Heart failure
Which of the following arrhythmias is most common in individuals with
pacemakers?
None of the above
T/F: Performing a graded exercise test after stent therapy is not considered safe
for the patient
False
T/F: It is important for the clinical exercise physiologist to understand the
dynamics of a pacemaker
True
Mechanism(s) for improving walking distance in patients with PAD include
All of the above
- Increased pain tolerance
- Attenuation of atherosclerosis
- Reduction in blood viscosity
- Increased collateral circulation
Mechanism(s) for improving walking distance in patients with PAD include
All of the above
- Increased pain tolerance
- Attenuation of atherosclerosis
- Reduction in blood viscosity
- Increased collateral circulation
Which process involves the use of a venous graft from the arm or leg to
increase blood flow to the heart?
CABS
T/F: Performing a graded exercise test after stent therapy is not considered safe
for the patient.
False
Which of the following pathophysiologies is present in heart failure?
All of the above
- Reduced ejection fraction
- Increased left ventricle mass
- Edema
- Imbalance of autonomic nervous system
Which gas is considered an important vasodilator of the blood vessels?
Nitric oxide
T/F: Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation should being within 4-6 weeks after
discharge from the hospital for an acute myocardial infarction.
False
T/F: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs may be used as an exercise
program for individuals in later stages of cardiac rehabilitation.
True
In ECG of patients with heart failure, which of the following are present?
Changes in Q-wave in leads V1, V2, V3, V4
T/F: Ischemic heart disease is the underlying cause of HF in about 60% of the
cases.
True
T/F: Patients with heart failure can see benefits by engaging in walking and
cycling exercise.
True
T/F: Approximately 50% of all cardiovascular deaths are due to coronary heart
disease.
True
The main contributor to a coronary syndrome is
Atherosclerosis
Which of the following benefits are possible after exercise training in
patients with coronary revascularization?
All of the above
- Greater total work performed
- Improved exercise capacity
- Improved cardiac performance at rest
- Increased peripheral muscular adaptations
T/F: History of symptoms for acute coronary syndromes includes chest pain,
sweating, and anxiety
True
In early-phase rehabilitation, which of the following exercises are
contraindicated?
Dumbbell bench press
TF: Patients with heart failure may be able to weight train with resistances that
would allow one set of 12-15 repetitions to be completed.
True
TF: In patients with HFrEF, an abnormal third heart sound can be heard.
True
TF: Following stent therapy, the risk of thrombosis is greater.
True
Patients with chronic heart failure may be able to perform ___ minutes of
moderate intensity physical activity.
Up to 60 minutes
Which of the following sequences are correct in the development of angina
pectoris?
Stiff left ventricle, Systolic emptying of left ventricle is
impaired, ECG abnormalities, Symptoms of angina
Patients with heart failure should exercise at an intensity of
A and B correct
A. 60% of heart rate reserve
B. RPE of 11-14
Typical symptoms of leg pain in patients with claudication include
A and B
A. Fatigue
B. Cramping
Which of the following is used to determine the severity of PAD?
Ankle-brachial index
In a 6-minute walking test, which of the following is the test outcome?
Distance traveled
Which of the following is the preferable mode of exercise for patients with
PAD?
Walking
Mechanism(s) for improving walking distance in patients with PAD include
All of the above
- Increased pain tolerance
- Attenuation of atherosclerosis
- Reduction in blood viscosity
- Increased collateral circulation
Which of the following is an example of a failure of the heart to relay the
impulse to the ventricles?
Block at the AV node
Which of the following arrhythmias is most common in individuals with
pacemakers?
Atrial fibrillation
Which of the following should guide an exercise professional in the
development of an exercise prescription in an individual with a pacemaker?
RPE
Which of the following frequencies of exercise is recommended for
someone exercising at a low intensity?
Daily activity
Which of the following testing protocols is typically used when assessing
patients with a pacemaker?
Chronotropic assessment exercise protocol
TF: The majority of patients with PAD are asymptomatic
True