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PY2N > SPRING WM and the brain > Flashcards

SPRING WM and the brain Flashcards

1
Q

describe atkinson and shifrin multistore model of memory

A

environment - sensory input - sensory memory - attend to STM (or forget) - maintenance rehearsal to LTM (or decay/displace) - in LTM (interference/retrieval failure)

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2
Q

STM link with WM

A

WM component of STM

executive system for coordinatign and monitoring complex subsystems, manipulating new material and retrieving old

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3
Q

damage patient KF (shallice and warringtom 1970)

A

had frontal subdural hematoma, damage to medial temp lobe, hippocampal loss and left occipital lobe damage

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4
Q

what is the medial temp lobes involve in

A

declarative memory

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5
Q

what is the hippocampus involved in

A

memory

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6
Q

patient KF impairments

A

STM impaired - free recall, digit span, peterson procedure, proactive interference
LTM intact - ok in probe recog and missing scan
verbal > visual impairment

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7
Q

what is the peterson procedure

A

say string of letters to patient
inhibitory task to prevent rehearsal period
recall - should show primacy

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8
Q

What does KF suggest about the multistore model

A

doesnt account for seperate abilities in STM and LTM
assumes rehearsal in STM needed for transfer to LTM - more likely to work in parallel as KF maintain info in LTS
KF mainly verbal>visual - disociation in processing type of info in STM

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9
Q

describe levels of processing theory (LOP) craik and lockheart 1972

A

recall dependent on how well info is processed
- elab rehearsal > maintenance
shallow -> deep processing of info
shallow = orthographic - relation between letters ie caps
med = phonetic - relation between the sounds of words ie rhyme
deep = semantic - relation between the meanings of words ie categories

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10
Q

describe baddeley 1960 WM

A

temp system in the STS used to complete cog tasks at same time under attentional control - underpins capacity for complex thought and complex beh (higher order)
active manipulation of relevant info over short periods of time - and can draw upon LTM info too

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11
Q

what would a deficit in WM predominantly lead to

A

inabiltity to hold and keep track o convos

cants fundamentally ‘do’ things in the environment ie problem solving tasks

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12
Q

baddeley and hitch working memory model 1974

A

WM encompasses STM

general exec - visuospatial / phonological - LTM

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13
Q

define the general/central exec

A

directs attention to stores, ensures all info correctly transferred to stores
achieve goals

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14
Q

define the visuospatial system

A

temporary storage for visual and spatial info

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15
Q

define the phonological loop

A

temporary store of speech based info
phonological store - speach
articulatory control process - internal speach and conversion of written material into phon

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16
Q

what is the episodic buffer

A

amnesiac patients show good encoding of some info and not others
allows connection between visuospatial and phonological loop
passive

17
Q

what tasks can asses the central exec

A

letter updating - hold most recent 3 letters
n back - respond when match 2(n) prev
constant updating of immediate info

18
Q

what tasks can assess the visuospatial

A

corsiblocks - view and reproduce sequence
dot memory - dot location after disappear
recall of spatial arrangement

19
Q

what tasks can assess the phonological loop

A

verbal memory

- recall list of phonologically dissimilar letters and identify what in sequence

20
Q

what tasks can assess the episodic buffer

A

ep buffer task - bind verbal and visuospatial by recog of letter location or sound link to spatial cue

21
Q

brain areas associ with central exec

A

mid dorsolateral PFC

22
Q

brain areas assoc with visuospatial

A

right inferior parietal lobe

superior occipital gyrus

23
Q

brain areas assoc with phonological

A

left supramarginal gyrus

premotor area

24
Q

brain areas assoc with ep buffer

A 
bilat PFC
right premotor
temporo parietal junction
left suprior parietal cortices 
(link diff so more activatio)
25
Q

brain areas assoc with semantic info in LOP

A

left inferior parietal cortex

deeper process = more PFC activation

26
Q

brain areas assoc with phonetc info in LOP

A

dorsal left infrior frontal gyrus

27
Q

brain areas assoc with orthographic info in LOP

A

medial and lateral parietal lobe

inferior anterior medial frontal lobe

28
Q

main principles assoc with multistore model

A

infor first processed in parallel via sensory buffers which feed into the limited STS
without the STS info is not able to nter the LTS
STS holds and manipulates immediately held info
the longer an item is held in the STS the greater the probability that it will enter the LTS

29
Q

rundus 1971 multistore model

A

free recall of digits with out loud rehearsal
count freq of every word rehearsed -
more freq rehearsal = greater recall
recency - represent items still in STS

30
Q

limits of multistore model

A

assumed bottleneck - info from STS to LTS (KF)
maintenance rehearsal does not increase prob of transfer into STS (tlving)
assumes duration of rehearsal mmost important for STS to LTS (KF)

31
Q

tulving 1966 multistore model limitation

A

pps read list of words part of greater list
no evidence that previous exposure enhances recall or accessability to the words
BUT active learning does enhance

32
Q

baddeley 1966 working memory and sts distinction

A

if sts and wm are the same then impaired wm performance during digit rehearsal
the greater the no of digits the greater the load on wm and the slower the proformance but not drastically and error constant at 5%
sts and wm distinct but likely to be interconnected processes

33
Q

baddeley 2000 update on wm

A

episodic buffer - communication between slave systems that termporarily holds info in multidimensional way
store and combine into chunks/episodes

PY2N (11 decks)

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