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PY2N > SPRING Cognitive Control > Flashcards

SPRING Cognitive Control Flashcards

1
Q

miller and cohen 2001

what is cog control

A

cog control : flexible control to improve effiacy of lives
in uncertainty must adapt appropriate resources to deal with situation
evolved mehanisms to deal with sensory and motor processess towards a common goal
more deamnding task = greater prioritisation of attention to determine correct response

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2
Q

types of cognitive control

A 
planning
reasoning
processing speed
updating
shifting/cog flexibility
inhibition
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3
Q

describe planning

A

formulating, evaluationg and selecting a sequence of thoughts and actions to achieve a desired goal

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4
Q

describe reasoning

A

think in a logical way

what info is necessary to make a logical decision?

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5
Q

processing speed

A

how quickly can we process environmental info

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6
Q

updating

A

monitoring info for change and prioritising new over old

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7
Q

shifting/cog flexibility

A

ability to adapt and shift between situations
think flexibly and respond appropriately
requires shifting of priorities

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8
Q

inhibition

A

ability to stop ones beh at appropriate time and stop preprogrammed responses
driven by internal goals

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9
Q

measuring cog control

A 
stroop
letter updating
plus minus
go no go
WCST
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10
Q

stroop

A

inhibit word reading and prioritise colour fous
processing speed of automatic (reading) vs controlled (tio down colour)
slower if conflict

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11
Q

letter updating

A

add nos
subtract no
then alternate

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12
Q

go no go

A

inhibit response to predetermined stimulus

accuray : false alarms - react to no go, and miss: dont react to go

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13
Q

WCST

A

sort cards in accordance to one of 3 rules
colour shape or number
update info and shift to new rule (frontal lobe damage perseverate)

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14
Q

miyake et al 2000 exec function related?

A

tower of hanoi vs WCST vs random no generation
correlation between 3 tasks
clearly seperable in performance but some overlap and more than one EF
WCST - shifting, tower of hanoi - inhibition, random no - inhibit and update

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15
Q

tasks for shifting

A

pluc minus
no - letter
local global

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16
Q

tasks for updating

A

keep track
tone monitor
letter memory

17
Q

tasks for inhibition

A

antisaccade
stopsignal
stroop

18
Q

PFC in cog control

A

overrides prepotent responses
inhibits predeterimed responses
controls processing of incoming sensory stimuli - ensure doesnt interfere with beh relevant internal representations/goals

19
Q

miller and cohen 2001 integrative theory of PFC

A

top down excitatory biasing model
PFC inhibit predetermined responses, and ontrol processing of inoming sensory stimuli so doesnt interfere with internal representations
have innate harwired paths for automatic orienting to unexpected stimuli BUT PFC maintains representations that guide control of exec tasks- PFC determines focus and diminishes influence of distracting info based on internal goals

20
Q

exec function and working memory in the brain

A

similar regions

WM key component of exec function

21
Q

braver and cohen 2001 PFC and WM

A

WM part of exec funcitons: WM use PFC
- BADDELEY AND HITCH WM MODEL - propose wm architechtually segregated
is PFC involved in storing info or in controlling behaviour
- Strong evidence that PFC is an important neural substrate of WM - BUT not cleanly mapped onto the brain at B+H suggest -

22
Q

cog control, WM and PFC

A

PFC representa and actively maintains context info
top down bias of local competitve interactions
storage and control intergrated in the PFC
- tasks of cog control NEED WM

23
Q

miller and cohen model of cog control

A

cog control stems from the active maintenance of patterns of activity in the PFC that represent goals and means to achieve them
uses hardwired pathways for automatic behaviours - stereotypic and inflexible to novel situations (BOTTOM UP)
PFC reciprocal connections allow role in synthesis of info for complex behaviours - bias signal to sensory in execution, memory and retrieval

24
Q

PFC cog control in strop task

A

sensory input feel up to areas for processing word/colout - compete for attention - PFC guide internal goal to respond to colour NOT word - prioritise colour and respond appropriately

25
Q

Lhermitte 1983 lateral frontal lobe syndrome

A

left/right unnilat/bilat frontal lesions lead to inappropriate and disorganised beh
exagerated tendency for beh to be determined by environment - utilisation and environmental dependency

26
Q

utilisation syndrome

A

frontal lesions supresses parietal inhibition an dincreased activation = beh more dependent on the environment - grab things in immediate environ and USE

27
Q

environmental dependency syndrome

A

overreliance on environment to guide social experiences
imitation of non verbal cues
- inferior frontal gyrus
lesions of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe and head of the caudate nucleus
“pulled to stimulus” like infants

28
Q

milner 1963WCST

A

worst if prob in DLPFC - led to perseveration and inability to inhibit immediate response/first rule

29
Q

simmonds, pekar and mostofsky 2008 go no go

A

metaanalysis of go no go (fMRI)
simple and complex (no go change dependent on context/based on rule)
WM demand increase =
dlPFC and inferior parietal cortex
BOTH: preupplementary motor area (p-SMA) and fusiform gyrus
response select - p-SMA
localise in frontal lobe but varies dependent on task

30
Q

schultz et al 2007 go no go

A

no go on hapy faces
more false alarms to happy and missess for sad
happy rewarding social stimuli

31
Q

herd et al 2006 update on miller and cohen 2001 integreated theory of PFC

A

doesnt adress nature and origin of PFC representations
assumes stroop existing rep for ink naming
BUT
stress important of ‘category representations’ in guiding attentional control - pre existing representations not specific to task but develop via experience
ie stroop using pre existing colour (lang and perception) then improve to perception reading>lang
TASK REP NOT FROM SCRATCH BUT DEVELOPS FROM PREV BASED ON DEMANDS

32
Q

miller and cohen 2001 model of og control

A

PFC (DL/VL/orbital/medial) - intrinsic and extrinsic (mostly) reciprocal connections with sensory, motor and subcortical areas involved in affect, memory and reward
paths carry diff info for the expression and behaviour: strongest/greatest activation = greatest influence on beh

PY2N (11 decks)

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