SPRING Frontotemporal dementia Flashcards
types of declarative memory
episodic
semantic
types of non declarative memory
skill learning
priming
conditioning
what is episodic memory
specific and detailed about events
what is semantic memory
info we learn over time, general knowledge and facts about the world
what is frontotemporal demential
umbrella term - group of dementias with focus on semantic dementia due to frontotemporal lobular degeneration
sig frontal impairment in the absence of amnesia, aphasia or visospatial deficits
language vairants of frontotemporal dementia
progresssive fluent aphasia
semantic dementia (temporal variant)
progressive non fluent aphasia
primary progresssive aphasic (frontal variant)
behavioural frontotemp dementia
behavioural variant bvFTD
priary degeneration in social behaviiour
motor FTD
FTD + motor neuron disease
corticobasal syndrome (CBS)
progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome
differences in language variants of FTD
if affect frontal lobes ie primary progressive aphasia - then affect language comprehension
if affect temporal lobes ie progressive fluent aphasia - then affect language production
how common are variants of dementia?
alz - 60% vascular 10-15% lewy bodies 10-15% FTD 5% other 5%
neuropsychiatric clinical symptoms of FTD
intertia/disinhibition and perseveration no organisation skills no insight restless, impulsive, easily distracted mutism and late stage amima
language problems in FTD
loss of expressive speech stereotyped phrases late mutism and amima not able to produce much output little meaning and not much content
core diagnostic criteria of FTD
indisious onset/gradual progression
early impairment in personal and social conduct
blunting and loss of insight (dont realise, requires others to notice)
supportive diagnostic criteria of FTD
decline in personal hygiene mental rigidity and perseveration distractability and impersistence hyperorality and dietary changes echolalia/repetitious speech
heredity of FTD
majority of cases are sporadic
can have familial link - indirect and risk unspecified, no known method of transmission 20-50%
can be herdity 5-10% - pass on direct to offspring ie ch. 17 link to FTD with parkinsons
what observations can be made from staining patters to identify FTD
tau pos/neg pick bodies argyophillic grains balooned neurons neuronal loss spongiform change - not direct markers, and while some more linked to certain subtypes it is not exact
describe semantic FTC
temporal variant - temp have brunt of lobular degeneration with done frontal in decline
brain progressively worsens over time
scans show knifelike sharp edges in gyrus - exageration of cell loss and self perseveration
describe language: progressive non fluent aphasia FTD
cell loss anterior to sylvian fissure
asymmetric to left frontal lobes
typical characteristics of semantic dementia
gradual loss in understanding WHAT things are
anomia - not know ho to convey meaning
imparied single word comprehension - lose mapping of words in mental lexicon
reduced category fluency - cant come up with examples and struggle to assoc categoeis
reserved episodic, syntax, phonology and NV skills
tasks to assess semantic dementia
confrontation naming - give name/describe image
identifying singular out of a category - identify category co ordination errors
NV pyramid 50:50 chance - semantic at chance level - link words with concepts
what are the different types of speech geeralisations in semantic FTD
circumlocutions generic expressions superordinate substitution errors category co ordinate errors semantic association errors semantic paraphasias
what are circumlocutions
talking in generalities ie thingymajig/ general expressions
what are superordinate substitution errors
over generalisations ie man = actor
what are category ordinate errors
close to correct name but not quite - in same catgeory
what are semantic assoc erros
use word that is assoc to real by meaning ie light = candle
what are semantic paraphasias
jumbing meanings ie telescope for perescope
describe murre et al 2001 patient AM
64 y/o
trouble explaining timeline of events
impaired speech and coherency
pic name and pic matching task from april 1994 - 1996
gradual degeneration of pic matching
pyramid task - deterioration to chance rate 50%
rey osterreith task - not impaired unless delayed
AM brain scan 1995
showed: left temp pole atrophy left temp lobe atrophy damage to inferolateral region hipp preserved by beginning atrophy in rhinal cortex
differences in left and right semantic FTD
left : language impair
right: facial/social impair
left semantic FTD
difficulty in finding words
impaired comprehension of words
right semantic FTD
defficulty in people recog
socially awkward
loss of insight
more likely to lose job
