SPRING Frontotemporal dementia

Question 1

types of declarative memory

Answer 1

episodic

semantic

Question 2

types of non declarative memory

Answer 2

skill learning
priming
conditioning

Question 3

what is episodic memory

Answer 3

specific and detailed about events

Question 4

what is semantic memory

Answer 4

info we learn over time, general knowledge and facts about the world

Question 5

what is frontotemporal demential

Answer 5

umbrella term - group of dementias with focus on semantic dementia due to frontotemporal lobular degeneration
sig frontal impairment in the absence of amnesia, aphasia or visospatial deficits

Question 6

language vairants of frontotemporal dementia

Answer 6

progresssive fluent aphasia
semantic dementia (temporal variant)
progressive non fluent aphasia
primary progresssive aphasic (frontal variant)

Question 7

behavioural frontotemp dementia

Answer 7

behavioural variant bvFTD

priary degeneration in social behaviiour

Question 8

motor FTD

Answer 8

FTD + motor neuron disease
corticobasal syndrome (CBS)
progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome

Question 9

differences in language variants of FTD

Answer 9

if affect frontal lobes ie primary progressive aphasia - then affect language comprehension
if affect temporal lobes ie progressive fluent aphasia - then affect language production

Question 10

how common are variants of dementia?

Answer 10

alz - 60%
vascular 10-15%
lewy bodies 10-15%
FTD 5%
other 5%

Question 11

neuropsychiatric clinical symptoms of FTD

Answer 11

intertia/disinhibition and perseveration
no organisation skills
no insight
restless, impulsive, easily distracted
mutism and late stage amima

Question 12

language problems in FTD

Answer 12

loss of expressive speech
stereotyped phrases
late mutism and amima
not able to produce much output 
little meaning and not much content

Question 13

core diagnostic criteria of FTD

Answer 13

indisious onset/gradual progression
early impairment in personal and social conduct
blunting and loss of insight (dont realise, requires others to notice)

Question 14

supportive diagnostic criteria of FTD

Answer 14

decline in personal hygiene
mental rigidity and perseveration
distractability and impersistence
hyperorality and dietary changes
echolalia/repetitious speech

Question 15

heredity of FTD

Answer 15

majority of cases are sporadic
can have familial link - indirect and risk unspecified, no known method of transmission 20-50%
can be herdity 5-10% - pass on direct to offspring ie ch. 17 link to FTD with parkinsons

Question 16

what observations can be made from staining patters to identify FTD

Answer 16

tau pos/neg 
pick bodies
argyophillic grains
balooned neurons
neuronal loss
spongiform change 
- not direct markers, and while some more linked to certain subtypes it is not exact

Question 17

describe semantic FTC

Answer 17

temporal variant - temp have brunt of lobular degeneration with done frontal in decline
brain progressively worsens over time
scans show knifelike sharp edges in gyrus - exageration of cell loss and self perseveration

Question 18

describe language: progressive non fluent aphasia FTD

Answer 18

cell loss anterior to sylvian fissure

asymmetric to left frontal lobes

Question 19

typical characteristics of semantic dementia

Answer 19

gradual loss in understanding WHAT things are
anomia - not know ho to convey meaning
imparied single word comprehension - lose mapping of words in mental lexicon
reduced category fluency - cant come up with examples and struggle to assoc categoeis
reserved episodic, syntax, phonology and NV skills

Question 20

tasks to assess semantic dementia

Answer 20

confrontation naming - give name/describe image
identifying singular out of a category - identify category co ordination errors
NV pyramid 50:50 chance - semantic at chance level - link words with concepts

Question 21

what are the different types of speech geeralisations in semantic FTD

Answer 21

circumlocutions
generic expressions
superordinate substitution errors
category co ordinate errors
semantic association errors
semantic paraphasias

Question 22

what are circumlocutions

Answer 22

talking in generalities ie thingymajig/ general expressions

Question 23

what are superordinate substitution errors

Answer 23

over generalisations ie man = actor

Question 24

what are category ordinate errors

Answer 24

close to correct name but not quite - in same catgeory

Question 25

what are semantic assoc erros

Answer 25

use word that is assoc to real by meaning ie light = candle

Question 26

what are semantic paraphasias

Answer 26

jumbing meanings ie telescope for perescope

Question 27

describe murre et al 2001 patient AM

Answer 27

64 y/o
trouble explaining timeline of events
impaired speech and coherency
pic name and pic matching task from april 1994 - 1996
gradual degeneration of pic matching
pyramid task - deterioration to chance rate 50%
rey osterreith task - not impaired unless delayed

Question 28

AM brain scan 1995

Answer 28

showed:
left temp pole atrophy
left temp lobe atrophy
damage to inferolateral region
hipp preserved by beginning atrophy in rhinal cortex

Question 29

differences in left and right semantic FTD

Answer 29

left : language impair

right: facial/social impair

Question 30

left semantic FTD

Answer 30

difficulty in finding words

impaired comprehension of words

Question 31

right semantic FTD

Answer 31

defficulty in people recog
socially awkward
loss of insight
more likely to lose job