SPRING Qualitative methods 2 Flashcards
4 key stages of qualitative analysis
preparation of data
data reduction
displaying data
verifying data
key stages of qualitative analysis - preparation of data
transcription
key stages of qualitative analysis - data reduction
coding/software
key stages of qualitative analysis - displaying data
via diagrams/tables
key stages of qualitative analysis - verifying data
triangulation and member checking
describe transcription
word for word noting of interview/discussion
time consuming
describe data reduction
organising the coded data into categories ie phrases
break down, give headings and form into categories
reassemble data by relating to meaningful parts
method of data reduction
observe and transcribe - identify patterns/themes (hierachial representation of themes) - develop tentative hypothesis - develop a theory
describe displaying of data
presentation
show hierachial relationship between different ideas
top down hierachy
represent influence via size in hierachy
how can you make sure results are reliable
different methods or different results
same conclusion = accurate
different methods of qualitative data analysis
content anaysis
conversion analysis
discourse analysis
describe content analysis
thematic
obtained from interviews, records, docs and field notes
aim to identify emergent themes - iterative/computational process is repetitive
try to structure into smaller parts
problem with content analysis
interpretation varies between researchers
describe scambler and hopkins 1988 content analysis
social effects of epilepsy using semi-structured interview - transcribe
interpret concern, bewilderment and helplessness ie “i didn’t know what to do”
-highlight phrases
steps of content analysis
copy/read transcript and make notes read notes- list types of info read list - categorise to describe identify links between categories/themes compare and contrast major themes *repeat if 1+ transcript* collect themes, examine details and relevance categorise major and minor - review to ensure good review categories for merging/subbing check with original transcript
describe conversion analysis
analyse as occuring - structured, forged contrextually and analysis grounded in data
concerned with uncovering underlying structures of talk in convo ie non verbals
use symbols to identify ie pauses
steps for conversion analysis
collect and transcribe
select aspect to analyse, interpret episode
explication of interaction (make clearer) and elaborate on analysis
compare with others
silverman 1994 conversion analysis
HIV/AIDS concelling and observation of councellors and patients
audio record and transcribe
patient deflect in delaying disclosure and keep to depersonalise behaviour in verbal
describe discourse analysis
narrative of recording speech and actions to be coded in later analysis
empahasises versions of reality that are expressed in lang
sensitive to qs that concern how people chose to sequence and represent people and events
steps of discourse analysis
transcribe, numbering each phrase consecutively
group phrases and reflect progressive development of the narrative
condense into smaller categories
describe gerhardt 1996 discourse analysis
aim to explore experience of dialysis and transplantation of patients with end stage renal failure
in depth interview - story of why reject transplant
pros of qualitative methods
contruct concepts/theories get meaning behind behaviour explore sensitive or complex phenomena study atypical cases set a context conceptualise and validate data
cons of qualitative methods
subjective
replication
generalisability
transparency
subjective con
interpretation is inflences by researches own beliefs and experiences
replication con
cant be easily replicated
unique to people/time
generalisability con
cant recruit a representative sample
doesnt reflect whole
transparency con
difficult to establish exactly what was done and how conclusions were arrived at
methods of assessing qualitative research
credibility
transferability
dependability
confirmability
credibility assessment of qualitative research
response validation
trianglation (diff methods same results?)
transferability assessment of qualitative research
rich in detail?
can you transfer the judgements to other environments?
dependability assessment of qualitative research
can the research be audited? (/inspected)
confirmability assessment of qualitative research
has the researcher overtly allowed personal values or theoretical inclination to influences the conduct or interpretation of the data?
how shouls rigour be introduced in qualitative research
1+ researcher 1+ method thick description conduct in an explicit and systematic way record keeping openned and honesty about bias
