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GCSE Design and Technology > Spring 2021 > Flashcards

Spring 2021 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of motion?

A

* Linear
* Rotary
* Oscillating
* Reciprocating

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2
Q

What is rotary motion?

A

Circular motion from a central point

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3
Q

What is linear motion?

A

Motion along a straight path

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4
Q

What is oscillating motion?

A

Backward and forward motion along a curved path

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5
Q

What is reciprocating motion?

A

Backward and forward motion along a linear path

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6
Q

What is an example of a rotary motion?

A

Motion of a bike wheel

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7
Q

What is an example of a linear motion?

A

Motion of a train

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8
Q

What is an example of a oscillating motion

A

motion of a swing

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9
Q

What is an example of a reciprocating motion?

A

motion of a jigsaw blade

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10
Q

What is a class 1 lever?

A

The fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and the load

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11
Q

What is a class 2 lever?

A

The load is in the middle between the fulcrum and the effort

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12
Q

What is a class 3 lever?

A

The effort is in the middle between the fulcrum and the load

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13
Q

What is an example of a class 1 lever?

A

Scissors

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14
Q

What is an example of a class 2 lever?

A

Wheelbarrow

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15
Q

What is an example of a class 3 lever?

A

Tweezers

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16
Q

What is load?

A

The overall force that is exerted, usually by a mass or object, on a surface

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17
Q

What is a fulcrum?

A

The fulcrum is the point on which the lever pivots

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18
Q

What is effort?

A

Force used to move a load over a distance

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19
Q

What are the 6 R’s?

A

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Refuse
Rethink
Repair

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20
Q

What is “Reduce” in the 6 R’s?

A

A product where materials have been reduced or replaced by more sustainable types

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21
Q

What is “Reuse” in the 6 R’s?

A

A product that could be reused as something else

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22
Q

What is “Recycle” in the 6 R’s?

A

A product that uses recycled materials

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23
Q

What is “Refuse” in the 6 R’s?

A

A product that uses un-necessary materials and could be replaced by another product that uses more sustainable materials

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24
Q

What is “Rethink” in the 6 R’s?

A

A product that could be redesigned or remanufactured using more sustainable materials

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25
Q

What is “Repair” in the 6 R’s?

A

A product that could be repaired rather than thrown away or replace

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26
Q

What are pulley systems used for?

A

Pulley systems can be used to connect rotary systems together using belts, they can also be used to change the speed within a system by using different sized pulleys

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27
Q

What is the difference in speed between 2 pulleys called?

A

The Velocity Ratio

28
Q

What does a mechanical advantage do?

A

Mechanical advantages allows humans to perform tasks much easier in terms of the force they need to apply

29
Q

What is the equation for the velocity ratio in gears?

A

velocity ratio = no. teeth on driven sprocket / no. teeth on driver sprocket

30
Q

What is the driven sprocket?

A

The driven sprocket is the sprocket that is driven by the chain

31
Q

What is the driver sprocket?

A

The driver sprocket is the sprocket that drives the chain

32
Q

What is the velocity ratio if the driver gear has 60 teeth and the driven gear has 12 teeth?

A 
12/60 = 0.2/1 
0.2:1 = 1:5

1:5

33
Q

What is the velocity ratio if the driver gear has 48 teeth and the driven gear has 24 teeth?

A 
24/48 = 0.5/1 
0.5:1 = 1:2

1:2

34
Q

What is the velocity ratio if the driver gear has 20 teeth and the driven gear has 40 teeth?

A

40/20 = 2/1
2:1

2:1

35
Q

What is it called when gears fit together?

A

meshing

36
Q

What happens to the direction of rotation when 2 gears are placed next to each other?

A

The direction of rotation is changed

37
Q

What can solve the issue of the direction of rotation being changed when 2 gears are placed next to each other?

A

An idler gear between the 2 main gears

38
Q

Why might a belt-driven pulley system be used over a gear chain system?

A

Belt-driven systems are simpler as they do not need gear teeth

39
Q

Why are gears used within a mechanical system?

A

They change the speed and create a mechanical advantage

40
Q

Explain how an idler gear works

A

An idler gear is placed between 2 gears when you do not want to change the direction of rotation. The direction is changed between the gear 1 and the idler gear. The direction is then switched back to the original direction between the idler gear and gear 2

41
Q

What is the equation for the effort in a pulley system?

A

effort = load / number of pulleys

42
Q

Why is the effort required calculated different to the actual effort required

A

Within the system there is friction, this will increase the perceived weight and therefore the effort

43
Q

What type of linkage is it when all the linkages move together in the same direction?

A

Parallel motion linkage

44
Q

What type of linkage is it when the linkage changes motion around an angle?

A

Bell crank linkage

45
Q

What type of linkage is it when the linkage changes the direction of motion?

A

Reverse motion linkage

46
Q

What type of linkage is it when the linkage changes rotary motion into reciprocating motion?

A

crank and slider linkage

47
Q

Linkages are mechanisms that use rigid parts to:

A

*Provide uniform movement of different components
*Change the direction of a force/motion
*Transform it into a different motion
* Change the magnitude of a force

48
Q

Explain how a Parallel motion linkage works

A

Parallel motion linkages use two fixed pivots to make the input and output travel in the same direction, through a link arm. Each fixed pivot has a moving pivot on either side, allowing the movement and power to go backwards and forwards. Changing the placing of the fixed pivots changes the amount of force exerted, while keeping the direction the same.

49
Q

Explain how a Bell crank linkage works

A

The fixed pivot is at a 90* angle from both the input and output, so it forces the direction of force through 90*

50
Q

Explain how a Reverse motion linkage works

A

A fixed pivot forces the change in direction

51
Q

Explain how a crank and slider linkage works

A

A fixed pivot is attached to a crank, which turns around and pushes and pulls a slider

52
Q

What does a Parallel motion linkage do?

A

input and output travel in the same direction

53
Q

What does a Bell crank linkage do?

A

Bell crank linkages change the direction of force through 90°

54
Q

What does a Reverse motion linkage do?

A

Reverse motion linkages change the direction of input so that the output goes the opposite way

55
Q

What does a crank and slider linkage do?

A

Crank and slider linkages change rotary motion into reciprocating motion

56
Q

What are 3 types of gears?

A

*Worm Gear
*Bevel Gear
*Rack and Pinion Gear

57
Q

What does a worm gear do?

A

Worm gears can be used to transfer motion by 90*. A worm gear only has 1 “tooth” that corks like a screw thread

58
Q

What does a bevel gear do?

A

Bevel gears change the direction of rotation by 90* but use different sized gears to change the speed of rotation

59
Q

What does a rack and pinion gear do?

A

A rack and pinion gear changes rotary motion into linear motion. This is usually a fairly small linear movement that goes in 1 direction and then back again

60
Q

What is an example of a worm gear?

A

tuning mechanism for a guitar

61
Q

What is an example of a bevel gear?

A

Bevel gears are used on roller shutter doors

62
Q

What is an example of a rack and pinion gear?

A

steering system on many cars

63
Q

What is the equation for the output speed of a gear?

A

Output speed = input speed ÷ velocity ratio

64
Q

What type of linkage is this?

A

Bell crank linkage

65
Q

What type of linkage is this?

A

Crank and slider linkage

66
Q

What type of linkage is this?

A

Reverse motion linkage

67
Q

What type of linkage is this?

A

parallel motion linkage

GCSE Design and Technology (6 decks)

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