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GCSE Design and Technology > Autumn 2021 > Flashcards

Autumn 2021 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is technology push?

A

Research and development in science and industry can lead to new discoveries, which can be used to improve existing products or develop new ones. This is known as technology push, and it happens before there is consumer demand for a product. Research and development is valuable for companies who are the first to introduce a new, innovative product

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2
Q

What is market pull?

A

Market pull is when product ideas are produced in response to market forces or consumer needs. Example of this include the development of cameras, which have become smaller, more lightweight, and higher performing as a result of customer needs

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3
Q

What are the pros of computer aided design?

A
  • Can be shared easily electronically
  • Complex designs are made easier to achieve
  • 3d products can be designed and viewed from many angles
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4
Q

What are the cons of computer aided design?

A
  • Can be difficult for new users to use

* Design limited by tools in software

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5
Q

What are the pros of computer aided manufacture?

A
  • Higher level of accuracy than traditional methods of manufacturing
  • Eliminates human error
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6
Q

Who has shared responsibility for considering environmental, social, and economic challenges of a product?

A

Designer, Manufacturer, Consumer, and Retailer

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7
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The burning of fossil fuels that cause a build up of gases in the worlds atmosphere

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8
Q

What is a benefit of User-centred design?

A

Gained specialist knowledge

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9
Q

What are 2 greenhouse gases?

A
  • Carbon Dioxide

* Methane

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10
Q

What is does the carbon footprint of a product measure?

A

Its overall environmental impact

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11
Q

How do plants affect the carbon content in out atmosphere?

A

Reduce the carbon content

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12
Q

What is fair trade?

A

A principle where everyone in the chain of manufacturing is offered fair wages and good working conditions

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13
Q

What does the product miles refer to in regards of product design?

A

The distance travelled by a product from raw materials to manufacture

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14
Q

Where does the word strategy originate from?

A

Office or command of a general (military)

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15
Q

Name 6 design strategies:

A
  • Collaboration
  • User-centred design
  • Systems approach
  • Iterative design
  • Biomimicry
  • Avoid Design fixation
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16
Q

Explain the design strategy of Collaboration:

A

When your in the initial stages of a project it is sometimes good to work with others as part of a group, this is allows you to:

  • Have a wider set of resources
  • Have more ideas
  • Have broader experience
  • Share information
  • It engages employees
  • It helps you to avoid design fixation
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16
Q

Explain the design strategy of Collaboration:

A

When your in the initial stages of a project it is sometimes good to work with others as part of a group, this is allows you to:

  • Have a wider set of resources
  • Have more ideas
  • Have broader experience
  • Share information
  • It engages employees
  • It helps you to avoid design fixation
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17
Q

Explain the design strategy of User-centred design

A

The wants and the needs of the user are a priority. Their thoughts are given lots of attention through hard work. This allows you to:

  • Gain specialist knowledge
  • Have knowledge in a variety of areas
  • It allows the client to be involved in the process
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18
Q

Explain the design strategy of systems approach:

A

Breaking down the design process into a number of different stages and doing each in turn. This logical approach is particularly useful in electronics where there is an input, process, and output, as each stage has to perform a specific function before moving onto the next step

19
Q

Explain the design strategy of iterative design:

A

A process that is centred around constant process of evaluation and improvement. It improves designs based on the results of testing, allowing constant improvement. Design is improved step by step and it is easy to track problems and fix them early on

20
Q

Explain the design strategy of biomimicry:

A

Biomimicry is an innovative approach to design that strives to copy natures time-tested patterns and structures. nature has already solved many of the problems humans may encounter

21
Q

Explain the design strategy of avoiding design fiaxation;

A

Design fixation confines a designer to limited creativity. It is a regressive cycle, that is sometimes difficult to escape. The first idea that a designer comes up with might not be the best one, but they might pursue it because it has worked or them before an they feel they should try it again. This can be avoided by:

  • collaboration
  • feedback from target user groups
  • testing a product
22
Q

Name 6 renewable energy sources:

A
  • Tidal
  • Hydroelectric
  • Solar electricity cells
  • Solar heating cells
  • Wind
  • Geothermal
23
Q

What is tidal energy?

A

Water is trapped behind a barrage at high tide. The water is released back into the ocean through turbines. The turbines drive a generator which then generates electricity.

24
Q

What is hydroelectric power?

A

Rainwater is collected in a reservoir at the top of a hill. When the water is released back downhill it turns a turbine that then turns a generator, generating electricity.

25
Q

How do solar panels generate electricity?

A

Light photons hit the PV cells which allows electrons to flow, creating an electric current

26
Q

How does a solar heating cell heat water?

A

Solar radiation from the sun is used to directly heat water running through the cell

27
Q

How is energy generated from wind power?

A

The force of the wind drives the blades of the turbine, this turns a generator. The power generated increases as wind speed increases.

28
Q

How does geothermal energy work?

A

Energy is released from radioactive substances deep within the earth. This energy heats the surrounding rocks. Deep holes are drilled and cold water is pumped down onto these hot rocks. The water is heated and returns to the surface as steam. This steam is then used to turn turbines.

29
Q

What are positives of solar panels?

A
  • Low maintenance
  • Carbon neutral
  • renewable energy source
  • Relatively low cost
30
Q

What are negatives of solar panels?

A
  • Seasonal fluctuations
  • No power generated at night
  • Complex positioning issue (panel must face sun)
31
Q

What are positives of wind power?

A
  • low maintenance
  • carbon neutral
  • low cost energy
  • higher winter output
  • renewable energy
32
Q

What are some negatives of wind power?

A
  • unreliable as wind sped can fluctuate
  • very noisy
  • ruins the natural landscape
  • hazard to birds
33
Q

What are some positives of hydroelectric energy?

A
  • renewable

* Carbon neutral

34
Q

What are some negatives of hydroelectric energy?

A
  • extremely high start up cost

* Floods area behind dam

35
Q

What is tolerance?

A

The accepted range of difference from the standard

36
Q

What is tension?

A

A pulling force

37
Q

What is compression?

A

A pushing force

38
Q

What is bending

A

Forces at an angle to the material

39
Q

What is torsion?

A

A twisting force

40
Q

What is shear?

A

Forces acting across the material

41
Q

What is a co-operative?

A

A business that is owned and managed by its workers

42
Q

How are Kevlar fibres processed and arranged to give the material its unique properties?

A

Kevlar fibres are arranged in a mesh / net pattern. This creates an extremely strong material known as Kevlar as the fibres overlap and form many layers. This gives Kevlar properties such as being “stab-proof” as it easily resists being penetrated or slashed across by a blade

43
Q

What are 2 properties of manufactured boards?

A
  • Manufactured boards can be manufactured in large, identical batches with little difference between each boards. There is consistent quality
  • The boards are free from natural defects (such as knots) and from physical inconsistencies (such as the grain direction)
44
Q

What is the purpose of quality control?

A

Quality control ensures that the product is of a high enough standard and is eligible to be sold at the retailing location. The quality control checks and makes sure that the product has been manufactured accurately and of a high enough quality. It ensures it is within the agreed tolerance of the measurements.

45
Q

What is 1 method of quality control?

A

In lithographical offset printing, there is a small cross in the bottom corner of the image. This is to check and ensure that the plates have been aligned correctly. There are also 4 small coloured boxes (cyan, magenta, yellow, black), this is another visual inspection to ensure that the ink is working correctly and printing the correct colour

46
Q

What are 5 safety precautions when using any cutting tool?

A
  • Wear safety goggles in case of sparks from cutting
  • Do not wear any lose clothing that may get caught in machinery
  • Only allow 1 person near the machine whilst cutting to avoid miscommunication or collision which could lead to injury
  • Do not put your fingers near the cutting tool, such as a blade
  • Make sure the blade of the cutting tool is not exposed or left out when not in use to prevent accidental injury

GCSE Design and Technology (6 decks)

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