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Pathology > Spring 17- SA Pathology Final > Flashcards

Spring 17- SA Pathology Final Flashcards

1
Q

Ddx for canine oral masses

A

Epulides, proliferative ulcerative gingivitis, melanoma, FSA, extramedullary plasmacell tumor, SCC (NOT Lymphoma!!)

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2
Q

Effect of ischemic tubular necrosis

A

Basement membrane destroyed around tubules, so every part of kidney dies bc BM is template for regeneration

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3
Q

Desc chronic stomach ulcers

A

raised, rounded edges, not erythematous, re-epithelilization

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4
Q

What is progressive juvenile nephropathy

A

Fibrosis of kidneys without primary renal inflammation; hereditary, 4m-2y old dogs; CRD signs

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5
Q

Anal gland neoplasms are usually benign/malignant

A

Malignant adenocarcinomas rarely cured by excision

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6
Q

Seq to renal amyloidosis

A

PLN, uremia

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7
Q

Causes of RV hypertrophy

A

Pulmonary hypertension, congenital, tricuspid, HWDz

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8
Q

Sequelae of RHF

A

hepatic congestion, ascites (Dogs), hydrothorax (cats), pleural/pericardial effusion

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9
Q

Dog PWTs: site predilection

A

Limbs

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10
Q

Dog PWTs: example of specific type

A

hemangiopericytoma

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11
Q

Path appearance of ao stenosis

A

fibrous ring under valve, pale/white endocardial fibrosis

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12
Q

Death from cardiac tamponade

A

Compression –> reduced CO –> poor perfusion

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13
Q

Locations of feline eosinophilic oral granulomas

A

pper lip, tongue, palate, skin occasionally

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14
Q

Types of GN histo lesions

A

minimal, proliferative (too many mesangeal cells), membranous (too much interstitium- mesangium connective tissue), membranoproliferative

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15
Q

T/F hemangiomas arise to hemangiosarcomas

A

F

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16
Q

Causes of tubular necrosis-

A

metals, aminoglycosides, oxalates, vit. D (rodenticide), mycotoxin

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17
Q

Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma: site and bio behavior

A

multisystemic fatal dz of spleen liver, LN, lungs

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18
Q

Appearance (gross)- renal dysplasia

A

Fibrosis between tubules leads to normal sized tan throughout

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19
Q

Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- presentation

A

Obstructive dz bc space occupying lesions

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20
Q

Green pigment in liver indicates

A

bild build up in cholestasis

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21
Q

What region does bile secretion start

A

Centrilobular

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22
Q

Where will bile accumulate first

A

Periportal areas

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23
Q

CS of hemopericardium

A

Increased venous pressure, decreased arterial pressure, muffled sounds

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24
Q

Most common metastatic renal neoplasia, two others

A

LSA; HSA, MCT

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25
Q

Liver- CS of oxidative damage

A

icteric, macrocytic, hypochromic anemia, increased AST

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26
Q

Most commmon dog cardiac pathology

A

Endocardiosis, congenital defects, DCM, HSA hemopericardium

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27
Q

Three types of epulides

A

Fibromatous, ossifying and acanthomatous

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28
Q

Describe lesions of cutaneous epitheliotrophic lymphoma in dogs and cats

A

Alopecic, exfoliative, erythematous lesions +/- plaques and nodules; 40% have erosive/ulcerative oral lesions

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29
Q

What is core pulmonale

A

RV hyertrophy 2* to pulmonary hypertension/lung dz

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30
Q

2 things needed to call cirrhosis

A

Fibrosis, nodular regeneration

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31
Q

Types of pericarditis

A

Effusive (Fluid production), constrictive (fibrous adhesion- large anmial_

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32
Q

Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- locations

A

LI > SI > Stomach

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33
Q

What tumor can be ID’d via histo lymphocytic aggregates, macrophages containing foreign material

A

Feline vaccines sarcomas

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34
Q

Dog GI -Px melanoma

A

Very poor except well-differentiated form slightly better

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35
Q

What two neoplasms occur in the dog eyelid

A

meibomian gland adenoma and melanocytoma

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36
Q

Which neoplasm is associated with actinic dermatitis in dogs

A

SCC

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37
Q

Blood filtering unit

A

Lobule

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38
Q

Most common cat oral tumor

A

SCC

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39
Q

Describe blood flow

A

From portal region through hepatocytes to central veins

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40
Q

Multicentric SCC In-situ (Bowman’s dz): predilection

A

Older cats

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41
Q

Cutaneous MCT in cats should lead you to check the spleen for lesions

A

F- no association

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42
Q

Bio behavior and cell of origin of fibromatous epulides

A

arise from periodontal ligament, DOES NOT invade underlying bone

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43
Q

Basal cell tumor- cat: location

A

head and neck

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44
Q

What is pitting

A

Chronic kidney change- infarct, fibrosis secondary to inflammation

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45
Q

Sites of congeital heart dz

A

PDA, atral septal, pulmonic stenosis, VSD

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46
Q

Define feline cutaneous MCT grading system

A

There is none!

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47
Q

Eisenmenger complex-

A

VSD with reversal and R to L shunting

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48
Q

Bile secreting unit

A

Acinus

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49
Q

Three types of gingivitis sequelae lesions in cats

A

Eosinophilic granuloma, paradental stomatitis, lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis (LPS)

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50
Q

Define pyelonephritis

A

inflam of both pelvis and parenchyma

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51
Q

Renal LSA- lesions

A

Multifocal, not end stage bc between nodules is normal

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52
Q

Purkinje fibers come from

A

R and L BB ramifying over endocardial surface of both ventricles

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53
Q

How does immune complex GN damage kidney

A

Activation of complement which brings in PMNs which release hydrolytic enzyemes

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54
Q

Dog GI- Behavior- extra medullary plasmacytoma-

A

benign, prone to recurrence d/t location in mouth

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55
Q

2 types of tubular necrosis, causes

A

Ischemic and nephrotoxic (nephrosis); obstruction, decreased urine production, back leakage

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56
Q

If capsule is hard to peel off of kidney,

A

Fibrin secondary to nephritis or necrosis inflammation

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57
Q

What determines the bio behavior in melanocytic tumors

A

Mitotic activity and location (not pigmentation or morphology)

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58
Q

Acanthomatous epulides- origin, bio behavior

A

Ameloblastic epithelium; NO mets but invade and destroy bone, MAY transform to SCC

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59
Q

Describe lesions of FIP

A

Pyogranulomatous lesions which follow the blood vessels in kidney (also liver, spleen, chest cavity)

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60
Q

Which part of the kidney favors bacterial colonization

A

Inner medulla

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61
Q

Waxy, dull, orange kidney with dark punctate diffuse lesions throughout-

A

Glomerular amyloidosis

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62
Q

Desc acute ischemic infarction vs hemorrhagic

A

both raised, ischemic pale

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63
Q

What type of lymphoma is common in older cats

A

alimentary

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64
Q

Which hepatocytes are most hypoxic

A

Centrilobular

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65
Q

Dark colored ischemic lesion-looking structures in renal crest

A

Renal papillary necrosis

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66
Q

Locations for cutaneous plasma cell tumors in dogs

A

Pinna, mouth, ear canal, rectum

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67
Q

Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma: cell of origin

A

malignancy of dendritic cells

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68
Q

Causes of cirrhosis

A

NSAIDs, aflotoxin, sago palm

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69
Q

What supports the ventricles

A

cardiac skeleton collagen

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70
Q

Dog GI- If eos are seen in suspected IBD, this is usually associated with

A

Hypersensitivity to diet

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71
Q

Whippets and greyhounds tend to get _____ tumors

A

Dermal HSA (light, think skin, UV)

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72
Q

Bio behavior of feline intestinal MCT

A

Aggressive- multipl sites, met to organs quickly

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73
Q

What follicular origin tumors do cats get

A

Trichoblastoma

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74
Q

CHF forward failure =

A

decreased blood to peripheral tissue

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75
Q

Dog PWTs: bio behavior

A

locally aggressive, highly recurrent

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76
Q

What is the schwartzman rxn

A

Renal cortical necrosis from bilateral thrombosis of arterioles and capillaries; 2* to septicemia, endotoxemia, severe hypovolemia

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77
Q

Bio behavior of feline cutaneous MCT

A

Benign usually

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78
Q

First place to suffer from hypoxia and why (heart)

A

Papillary mm.- hardest working

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79
Q

Cause of cardiac hypertrophy

A

stretching due to chamber dilation from overload

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80
Q

Asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy

A

Septum thickened

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81
Q

Site predilection for canine systemic histiocytosis

A

multiple organs- LN, spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow

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82
Q

Sequelae to pulm stenosis

A

RV hypertrophy (eccentric), post stenotic dilation, hypertrophy of outflow tract

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83
Q

Liver Copper toxicosis: testing

A

Liver Bx

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84
Q

Most common source of emphysematous cystitis

A

e coli

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85
Q

Liver Copper toxicosis: CS

A

Icterus, ascites, lethargy

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86
Q

Ddx for SCC in cats

A

FSA, eosinophilic granulomatous gingivitis

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87
Q

Cause of rabbit hemorrhagic dz

A

Calicivirus

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88
Q

Dog GI- SCC- behavior

A

Slow progression, Can met late in dz, Tonsilar/largyndeal met quicker

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89
Q

Gross lesions of chronic imm-comp GN

A

shrunke, granular, thin cortex, rougherned surface

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90
Q

Normal LV:RV ratio

A

2-3 : 1

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91
Q

Heart adjustments to stress

A

Atrophy, hypertrophy, degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis

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92
Q

Small bumpy kidneys

A

CKD

93
Q

Histo appearance of Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis

A

sheets of hystiocytic cells and other leukocytes

94
Q

What indicates chronic cholestasis

A

White fibrosis between green lesions

95
Q

Renal seq to mitral endocarditis

A

thrombi causing infarcts throughout

96
Q

Labrador retriever- common cardiac defect

A

Tricuspid dysplasia- via autosomal dominant inheritance

97
Q

Causes of hydropericardium

A

Edema, hypoproteinemia (PLN/PLE), RHF, venous outflow blockage, infectious (sepsis, vasculitis fibrin)

98
Q

Most common primary renal tumor in dog; describe

A

Adenocarcinoma; well demarcated, compress parenchyma, one pole of the kidney

99
Q

Tubular necrosis lesions

A

pale, swollen, +/- BM disruption. Regeneration or scar depending on BM; Histo: coagulative necrosis of prox convoluted tubules

100
Q

Canine systemic histiocytosis- breeds

A

BMD, rottie, golden, dobie, labs (black and tans)

101
Q

Liver- Why is Px guarded in oxidative dmg

A

Decreased O2 carrying capacity, kidney injury and liver damage

102
Q

Pathogenesis of turkey egg kidney

A

Herpes virus replicates in capillary endothelium, causing multifocal hemorrhage- can also result in immune complex dz

103
Q

Cutaneous lymphoma in dogs and cats- cell origin

A

T-lymphocytes (Cutaneous epitheliotrophic lymphoma )

104
Q

Describe histo of nephroblastoma, signalment

A

Young dog, primitive glomeruli/tubules, may have cartilage/bone/fat

105
Q

Hepatoid gland neoplasms are ____ dependent

A

Androgen

106
Q

What are jet lesions

A

Fibrosis of endocardium surface where turbulence hits

107
Q

Feline vaccine sarcomas: bio behavior

A

Locally aggressive and recurrent, from wide variety of sarcomas

108
Q

Viral papilloma: treatment

A

Spontaneously regress

109
Q

Appearance and causes of glycogen accumulation in hepatcytes

A

?

110
Q

What tumors are proliferations of intraepidermal dendritic (langerhans) cells on the head, pinna, feet or scrotum of dogs

A

solitary cutaneous histiocytomas

111
Q

Dog most common site for colorectal polyp

A

Anorectal jxn

112
Q

Dog GI- What needs to be seen to call IBD

A

LP enteritis with damage/atrophy/fusion of villi; exclude parasites/allergic/infectious inflammation and cancer

113
Q

Effect of PDA

A

Overload of RV –> RV hypertrophy

114
Q

What mets to cat digits

A

Primary lung carcinomas in cats

115
Q

White crystalline material in heart wall, black granular blood

A

Euthanasia artifact

116
Q

Nephrotoxic tubular necrosis- describe effect

A

BM may be left intact, tubules can regenerate

117
Q

Name ulcerative lesion in cat mouth adjacent to tooth

A

Paradental stomatitis

118
Q

Desc chronic renal infarct

A

indent or loss of cortex due to fibrosis

119
Q

Lesions of syncope

A

May be absent due to rapid onset; need 8-24 hour lag time

120
Q

Ddx for focal damage to portion of kidney, otherwise normal

A

Interstitial nephritis: Single thrombus, bacterial sequestrum

121
Q

Malignant histiocytosis is now called

A

Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma

122
Q

Where is the SA nodes

A

Junction of CrVC and RA

123
Q

Dog GI-Behavior, fibrosarcoma

A

Tend not to met, locally invasive/destructive

124
Q

Describe cardiac dilation; sequelae

A

Stretching of myofibers, connections and architecture maintained, just stretched; necrosis–> fibrosis

125
Q

Gross lesions of acute imm-comp GN

A

swollen, smooth, pale, red dots (glomeruli dilated with neuts)

126
Q

Pale, pink-yellow mottled liver with rounded edges- cause

A

Hepatic lipidosis

127
Q

Canine systemic histiocytosis present clinically and histologically like

A

Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis

128
Q

Viral papilloma: predilection

A

young purebred dogs, immunosuppressed older

129
Q

Causes of LV hypertrophy

A

systemic hypertension, aortic stenosis, mitral valve problems, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly

130
Q

Ruptured, hemorrhagic bladder wall

A

Feline urologic syndroms, FLUTD-induced matrix plug rupture

131
Q

Necrosis in syncope due to

A

Acute decompensation (BP/HR changes) and arrhythmias

132
Q

Sequelae of aortic stenosis

A

LV hypertrophy (concentric)

133
Q

Dx bilateral swollen kidneys, irregular poles

A

Schwartzman rxn (not cancer bc bilateral)

134
Q

Swollen kidney =

A

acute!

135
Q

Describe lobular terminology

A

Portal triad (Portal vein, hep a., bile duct) –> periportal, midzonal, centrilobular –> hepatic veins

136
Q

What clinical findings suggest actinic dermatitis

A

Erythema, scale, comedones, non-healing ulcers and erosions

137
Q

MCT- most common location in cat GI

A

intestinal

138
Q

Renal seq to canine herpes virus

A

Multifocal hemorrhage (turkey egg appearance), renal vasculitis

139
Q

Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis- gross appearance

A

Waxing/waning lesions of nodules and plaques

140
Q

Extra-hepatic PSS signalment

A

Small breed

141
Q

Abyssinian cat and shar pei dog - renal disease

A

Medullary interstitital amyloidosis

142
Q

Normal sized, lumpy bumpy kidney- ddx

A

LSA, granulomatous dz

143
Q

Cat oral SCC met locations

A

(more in laryngeal tonsilar)- regional LN, lungs

144
Q

Cause of immune complex glomerulonephritis

A

Circulating Ag-Ab complexes, Ab attach GBM, formation of complexes within kidney

145
Q

What are the components of Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Dextroaorta (sitting over both V), high VSD, RV hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis

146
Q

Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- type

A

Mesenchymal

147
Q

Anal gland neoplasms are associated with what paraneoplasic syndroms

A

Hypercalcemia of malignancy

148
Q

FIP lesion- histo

A

Macs and neuts

149
Q

Feline cutaneous MCT Px

A

Curative with excision, low met potential

150
Q

Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- ddx

A

Leiomyosarcoma

151
Q

Patchy liver necrosis 3 ddx

A

Septic emboli, liver flukes, ischemia

152
Q

Bio behavior of cutaneous plasma cell tumors in dogs

A

Solitary, pleiomorphic appearance but benign, curative excision

153
Q

Multicentric SCC In-situ (Bowman’s dz): describe lesions

A

Plaques and papillation with scale

154
Q

Ddx for nail bed/subungual tumors in dogs

A

Malignant melanoma, keratocanthoma, SCC

155
Q

What liver cancer has cavitated cysts and why

A

Biliary carcinoma- most likely to outgrow their blood supply

156
Q

Liver Copper toxicosis: breeds

A

Bedlington, golden, lab, dalmatian

157
Q

Describe pathogenesis of changes in hydropnephrosis

A

No change in tissue, just lack of tissue, fluid left behind (too much pelvis, not enough medulla); pressure necrosis

158
Q

Multifocal white sponts throughout kidney

A

Suppurative GN - emboli from vascular distribution

159
Q

Describe visceral gout in lizards

A

white plaues from uric acid build up

160
Q

Prognosis is poor for cirrhosis with fibrosis because

A

can’t repair

161
Q

Feline abdominal lymphangiosarcoma: prognosis

A

Poor due to poor resection ability

162
Q

What is the most important aortic arch abnormality

A

Persistent right aortic arch

163
Q

Basal cell tumor- cat: appearance

A

cystic, pigmented

164
Q

Dx finely granular pattern of fibrosis throughout cortex

A

Chronic GN or amyloid

165
Q

When does fibrosis occur

A

10-14 days- think suture removal

166
Q

Describe the bio behavior of STSs on dog skin

A

Locally invasive, low met potential, recurrent with incomplete excision

167
Q

Which species are melanocytic tumors more malignant when on haired skin

A

Cats

168
Q

FIP signalment, cause

A

Enteric coronavirus, young cats

169
Q

Ddx renal papillary necrosis

A

NSAIDs (MOST COMMON), macrolides (2nd MOST COMMON), medullary amyloidosis, pyelitis, renal calculi, obstructive pressure,

170
Q

Dx patchy, depressed areas of fibrosis with full thickness extension

A

Chronic interstitial nephritis secondary to pyeloneph

171
Q

SCC GI- more in dogs or cats

A

Cats

172
Q

Feline abdominal lymphangiosarcoma: presentation

A

Diffuse bruising and swelling on ventral abdomen

173
Q

Appearance and causes of chronic passive congestion of liver

A

?

174
Q

What causes clinical signs of PRAA

A

compression of trachea or esophagus

175
Q

Cat oral FSA bio behavior

A

Invasive, destructive, rarely met

176
Q

Differentiate liver HSA from melanoma

A

Paper towel test for blood on HSA (red v black)

177
Q

Desc acute stomach ulcers

A

Erythematous edge, sharp margins, adhered food

178
Q

Chronic cystitis findings

A

LP infiltrates, fibrosis, thickened wall

179
Q

Dog GI Cause of gingivitis

A

Chronic antigenic stimulation causing hyperplasia

180
Q

Clinical effects of septal defects-

A

depend on size of defect, systemic resistance compared to pulmonary

181
Q

What limits cardiac hypertrophy; sequelae

A

Need helathy myocardium; myocytes thickening moves them away from capillaries, limiting O2 and nutrition, once limit met- dilation

182
Q

Hepatoid gland neoplasms are most often what type of cancer

A

Adenoma (benign)

183
Q

Tx / Px Dog colorectal polyp

A

Complete surgical resection, recurrence possible but low,; higher if multiple masses

184
Q

Multifocal liver cysts often associated with

A

Polycystic kidney dz in dogs with PKD1 gene problem

185
Q

Ddx for kidney cysts

A

CKD, PJN, PKD (MANY cysts, bilateral)

186
Q

Ddx multifocal nodules in cat kidney

A

FIP, LSA, bacteria via hematogenous spread, fungus

187
Q

Most follicular-origin tumors in cats and dogs are benign/malignant

A

Benign and excision curative

188
Q

Types of chronic cystitis

A

Polypoid- nodular surface, Follicular- cobblesone mucosa of LP proliferation,

189
Q

Basal cell tumor- cat: arises from

A

basal layer of epidermis

190
Q

ONLY true finding of acute cystitis

A

multifocal hemorrhage (+/- edema, erosions, exudate)

191
Q

Sequelae of LHF

A

Pulmonary congestion/edema, pulmonary fibrosis, hemosiderosis!

192
Q

What effect can uremia have on the heart

A

Endocardial mineralization, pericarditis

193
Q

Describe bile flow in liver

A

Acinus –> canaliculi filter –> dumped into bile ductules

194
Q

Dog GI -Behavior: melanoma

A

Destructive, metastatic, to regional LN and lung

195
Q

Cat common heart pathology

A

HCM, hyperthyroid LV hypertrophy, congenital

196
Q

Tx- Cat oral LPS

A

Abx and immunosuppression

197
Q

Decompensation cycle- heart

A

Decomp –> hypoxia - renin from kidney RAAS - aldosterone from adrenal cortex - NA/H2O retention - increased plasma volume - edema (also EPO stimulation leading to increased viscosity)

198
Q

Evidence of uremic pneumonitis

A

Von Kossa stain showing black spots on mineralized alveolar septa; grossly chunky

199
Q

Where can feline alimentary LSA most commonly be diagnosed

A

Iliocecal LN

200
Q

Where is AV node

A

Beneath septal leaflet of R- AV valve within IV-septum

201
Q

FIP effusion makeup

A

high protein and globulins, gelatinous non-specific exudate

202
Q

How is long term survival determined in STS in dog skin

A

Grading scale

203
Q

Intra-hepatic PSS signalment

A

Lg breed dogs

204
Q

Appearance of glomerular damage and PLN

A

Tubules full of pink proteinaceous fluid

205
Q

Causes of hemopericardium

A

trauma, RA rupture from HSA, LA rupture from endocardiosis, spontaneous atrial rupture

206
Q

Diffusely dark black kidney, histo with pyknotic nuclei; ddx

A

Hemoglobinuric nephrosis- Hgb toxic to kidney (cant ddx from myoglobinuric)

207
Q

Lesions of rabbit hemorrhagic dz

A

Hemorrhage and diffuse liver necrosis

208
Q

Cause of immune complex GN

A

Any condition iwht persistent antigenemia- FIP, FeLeuk, HWD, SLE, IMHA, plasma cell tumor/multipl myeloma, many others

209
Q

More prminent valve (parachute)

A

Tricuspid

210
Q

Dog PWTs: cell of origin

A

mesenchymal (variably differentiated)

211
Q

Bright red accumulation in capillary loops of histo kidney sample

A

DC fibrin accumulation

212
Q

Where are Hepatoid gland neoplasms found

A

Tail, anus, prepuce

213
Q

Multicentric SCC In-situ (Bowman’s dz): caused by UV light or chronic papillomavirus infection

A

Chronic papillomavirus infection (not UV)

214
Q

Cardiomyopathy hot spot

A

mid-ventricle

215
Q

Cuases of cholestasis

A

Mucocele, pancreatitis, gall stone, liver cancer

216
Q

CHF backward failure

A

accumulation behind the failing portion (ex. RV- vena cava)

217
Q

Locations of Aortic Stenosis

A

Above, at, below valve

218
Q

Glomerular damage leads to

A

Loww of LMW proteins to urine (PLN), leading to edema/ascites, effusions

219
Q

Determine acute renal infarct

A

Raised wedge

220
Q

T/F some epulides have the potential to met

A

F

221
Q

Breed- aortic stenosis

A

Large dogs

222
Q

What are endocardial cushion defects

A

Valvular dysplasia- any malformation of mitral and tricuspid leaflets and their position

223
Q

Dimpling of kidneys should make you think

A

Chronic

224
Q

Most common septal defect

A

VSD high in septum (membranous portion instead of muscular)

225
Q

Histo evidence of coagulative necrosis of kidney

A

No nuclei in tubular epithelium, look for tubules full of inflammatory cells

226
Q

Causes of L to R shunting

A

ASD, VSD, PDA; AV septal defect

227
Q

Which canine oral lesion does not look like the rest of the ddx

A

viral papillomas

228
Q

Histo appearance of pyelonephritis

A

medullary lesions of necrosis, fibrin, hemorrhage

Pathology (5 decks)

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