Sprains and Strains

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Sprain is a stretch and/or tear of a ligament
Strain is stretch and/ or tear of a tendon

Question 2

Explain the grading of sprains

Answer 2

Grade 1 - mild stretching but joint is stable

Grade 2 - partial rupture of ligament but joint is stable

Grade 3 - Complete rupture of ligament and joint unstable

Question 3

Explain the strain classification

Answer 3

1st degree - only a few fibres are torn but normal strength and power

2nd degree - several injured fibres. Mild swelling, loss of strength and sometimes visible bruise

3rd degree - muscle tears all the way through, sometimes makes a ‘pop’. Total loss of muscle function, visible bruise and severe pain

Question 4

Risk factors

Answer 4

• playing sports
• inadequate warm ups
  -increasing age
  -sudden trauma

Question 5

Presentation of SPRAIN

Answer 5

• pain around joint
• tenderness
• swelling
• bruising
• decreased function

Question 6

Presentation of STRAIN

Answer 6

• muscle pain
• cramping
• spasm
• muscle weakness
• inflammation
• bruising

Question 7

When do refer for X-ray

Answer 7

Follow the ‘Ottawa’ rules

Referred if a fracture or complication is suspected

Question 8

Complications

Answer 8

Chronic instability
Reduced joint function
Muscle atrophy
Haemarthrosis

Question 9

Management

Answer 9

• Advise on analgesia
• Advise PRICE:
  Protection
  Rest
  Ice
  Compression
  Elevation