SPRAIN AND STRAIN Flashcards
stretch or tear of a ligament (band of
fibrous tissue that connects two or more bones at a joint); stretched too far from normal position
Sprain
Most common sprain
ankle sprain
Structural damage only on microscopic level,
with slight local tenderness and without joint
instability.
Grade I -
partial tear (rupture) of the ligament, visible
swelling and noticeable tenderness, but without joint instability (or with mild instability).
Grade II
a severe sprain: complete rupture of the
ligament with significant swelling and with instability of the joint
Grade III
an injury to a muscle or tendon (thick,
tough fibrous cord of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone)
Strain
Most common strain
back strain
strains affect only a limited number of
fibers in the muscle. There is no decrease in strength and there is full active and passive range of motion. Pain and tenderness are often delayed to the next day.
Grade I (mild)
strains have nearly half of muscle
fibers torn. Acute and significant pain is accompanied by swelling and a minor decrease in muscle strength.
Grade II (moderate)
strains represent complete rupture of the
muscle. This means either the tendon is separated from the muscle belly or the muscle belly is actually torn in 2 parts. Severe swelling and pain and a complete loss of function are characteristic for this type of strain.
Grade III (severe)
caused by a sudden trauma such
as a fall, twist, or blow to the body. Examples of an
acute injury include sprains, strains, and contusions.
ACUTE INJURIES:
occur gradually over time. when an athletic or other activity is repeated so often, areas of the body do not have enough time to heal between occurrences. Tendinitis and bursitis are common soft-tissue overuse injuries.
OVERUSE INJURIES
Pain, swelling, bruising, not being able to
move the joint.
SPRAIN
Pain, muscle spasm and weakness, swelling,
cramp, bruise, inability to use the muscle.
STRAIN
Pain around injured area
Swelling around joint
Bruising (red or blackish)
Joint instability
Limited range of motion
Sprain
Pain around injured area
Swelling around joint
Muscle spasm & contusion
Joint instability
Limited range of motion of the injured joint
Strain
Treatment stages (3)
1 - price protocol
Stage 2 - exercise
Stage 3 x return to sport-
PRICE MEANING
Protection
Rest 2-3 days
Ice - 20 mins 2-3 hrs
Compression
Elevation
Treatments fir sprains and strains
STAGE 1
•PRICE for 24 to 28
hrs
•to reduce swelling
and pain
STAGE 2
•Physical
therapy/exercise
program
Stage 2
•Help to reduce swelling,
prevent stiffness and
restore normal, pain-
free range of motion
•Increase strength and
flexibility
•Return to full daily
activities
STAGE 3
•Return to sports
•Sports specific
exercise
•Improve
proprioception
•Prevention (stretch,
warm up, cool down,
proper footwear)
Healing time
Mild sprain/strain
Moderate sprain/strain
Severe sprain/strain:
3-6 wks
2 to 3 months
8 to 12 months
