OSTEOARTHRITIS Flashcards
Most common form of arthritis and the most common joint disease
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is known as degenerative joint disease or
Osteoarthrosis
What age and gender are the most commonly affected by OA
Older than 45, women
Oa has been classified as
Primary (idiopathic)
Secondary
a disease of
joints that affects all
of the weight-bearing
components of the
joint:
Osteoarthritis
Weight-bearing components that are affected in OA
Bone spurs
Eroding meniscus
Exposed bone
Eroding cartilage
❑Osteoarthritis may result from____ as normal cartilage lining is
gradually worn away and the
underlying bone is exposed.
wear and tear on the joint.
RISK FACTORS for OA
Age
Female gender
Joint alignment
Hereditary gene defect
Joint injury or overuse caused by physical labor or sports
Obesity
What is the main tissue affected in OA
Articular cartilage
OA results in:
•Increased tissue swelling
•Change in color
•Cartilage fibrillation
•Cartilage erosion down to subchondral bone
OA – SYMPTOMS
OA usually occurs slowly - It may be many years
before the damage to the joint becomes
noticeable
• Only a third of people whose X-rays show OA
report pain or other symptoms:
Steady or intermittent pain in a joint
– Stiffness that tends to follow periods of
inactivity, such as sleep or sitting
– Swelling or tenderness in one or more joints [not necessarily occurring on both sides of the
body at the same time]
– Crunching feeling or sound of bone rubbing on
bone (called crepitus) when the joint is used
Crunching feeling or sound of bone rubbing on bone (called
crepitus
DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS
Examination of the affected joints
• X-rays or other imaging studies
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
• blood tests are used to rule out other forms of arthritis
Arthrocentesis
Arthroscopy
This procedure involves drawing
fluid from the joint using a needle and examining it under a microscope
Arthrocentesis
This is a surgical procedure where a
small camera is inserted into the joint to visualize the cartilage and other tissues.
Arthroscopy
Done to alter the force distribution in the joint
Osteotomy
A staple or plate and screws are
used to hold the bone in place
until it heals.
PROXIMAL TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY
•The ends of the femur, tibia,
and patella are shaped to
accept the artificial surfaces.
•The end result is that all
moving surfaces of the knee are
metal against plastic
TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT
Surgical management
Osteotomy
Arthroplasty
Viscosupplementation
Tidal irrigation
Poximal tibial osteotomy
Total knee replacement
Phenomenon of the hand where cyanosis and redness on the fingers before the color returned to normal.
Raynaud’s phenomenon of the hand
