Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Spots and Rashes > Flashcards

Spots and Rashes Flashcards

1
Q

What are strawberry marks

When are they dangerous

A
  • Haemangioma - raised marks on the skin and are usually red
  • They are usually self limiting and rapidly increase in size in first 6 months before shrinking and eventually disappearing
  • Around the eye and in the airway - can interfere with vision and breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a port wine stains

A

Capillary malformations

  • Often affect one side of the body and usually occur on face, back and chest
  • They are permanent and deepen in colour over time (also sensitive to hormones e.g pregnancy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What rash looks like a bruise

A

Mongolian Blue Spots

  • Look blue/grey
  • Seen in non- caucasian ancestry
  • They can last months/years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are congenital moles called

A

Congenital melanocytic naevi

  • Large brown moles
  • They have a low risk of cancer but the larger the bigger the risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two main types of birth marks

A

Vascular birthmarks: Usually pink/red/purple - caused by abnormal vessels under the skin

Pigmented Birthmarks: Usually brown - Caused by clusters of pigment cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are types of Vascular Birthmarks

A

Port wine stain
Strawberry marks/Haemangioma
Salmon patch (around eyes, neck, forehead)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the types of Pigmented Birthmarks

A

Cafe-au-Lait Spots
Mongolian spots
Congential Melanocytic Naevi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are cafe-au-lait spots

A

Coffee coloured skin patches

  • normal to have a couple
  • More than 5 at once - could be neurofibromatosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are milk spots/milia

A

Tiny white bumps on the skin

They are sebaceous plugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is erythema toxic neonatorum

A

Common benign condition seen in newborns doesn’t need treating

  • Erythematous macules, papules and pustules (Raised red, yellow and white spots) usually appear on the face, body, upper arms and thighs.
  • Usually lasts a few days, The rash can disappear and reappear.
  • Diagnosed from skin biopsy will show infiltration of inflammatory cells (eosinophils and neutrophils) - thought to be histamine reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a smallpox rash look like

A

Small spots and blisters

  • Rash starts as lesions on tongue and in mouth before spreading to the face and spreading to the trunk, palms and soles
  • Lesions develop uniformly throughout disease (lesions develop all at same time)
  • Start as papule before coming vesicles then eventually become pustules - these will eventually crust and scab over
  • lesions are most concentrated to hands, face and feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does chickenpox rash look like

A

Small spots and blisters

  • Widespread rash starting on the trunk, spreading to the face, scalp, and extremities

-Simultaneous occurrence of various stages of rash (successive fashion):
erythematous macules → papules → vesicles filled with a clear fluid on an erythematous base → eruption of vesicles → crusted papules → hypopigmentation of healed lesions

  • Pruritus
  • lesions concentrated to torso fewest on hands and feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does measles rash look like

A

Prodomial phase CCCK:

  • Cough
  • Coryza
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Koplik spots (tiny white/bluish spots resemble grains of sand)

Followed by widespread erythematous (red/brown) maculopapular rash - which is blanching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does rubella rash look like

A
  • Similar to measles but milder

- Beware congenital form - is teratogenic and causes multi organ inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What virus causes slapped cheek syndrome

A

Parvovirus B19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does HHV6 cause

A

Roseola Infartum - produces similar rash to measles and rubella (maculopapular rash)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does hand, foot and mouth disease rash present snd what causes it

A

Blisters on hands and feet and ulcers in the mouth

Cause by Coxsackie

18
Q

What is the rash seen in mumps

A

Macular erythematous rash usually begins on face

19
Q

What rash is seen in herpes

A

Red sores and vesicles seen on the skin, eyes and mouth

20
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum

A

small firm dome shaped spots with small dimple in the middle typically pink, red when they rupture think/yellow substance comes out (highly contageous substance)

21
Q

What is impetigo caused by and how does it present

A

Highly contagious!!! - caused by Staph Aureus

  • Red sores and vesicles which are very itchy which leave golden, crusty patches behind
22
Q

What is scalded skin caused by

A

Staphylococcus Aureus Toxin causing skin to be painful, blister and peal
(only 5% Staph produce proteins toxic to the skin)

23
Q

What is Staph aureus a common cause of skin infection

A 
Impetigo 
Boils and Abscesses
Styes and Conjunctivitis
infections in grazes and wounds 
Infective eczema 
Cellulitis
24
Q

How does cellulitis present and what’s it main cause

A
  • Streptococcus, occasionally Staph

- Warm, Erythematous, painful, swollen skin

25
Q

What does the rash of Meningococcaemia

A

Non-blanching purpuric rash

26
Q

What other conditions present with a non blanching purpuric rash

A

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

Idopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (presents with petchiae and easy bruising)

27
Q

What is the scarlet fever rash

A

Caused by Group A streptococcus toxin

Pink/red rash feels like sandpaper and looks like sunburn

28
Q

What is acne caused by

A

Blockage of skin hair follicles due to:
1. Increased production of oily sebum by sebaceous glands
2. Increased deposition of keratin
3, Infection of follicle

29
Q

How does acne present

A

Open Comedomes- Blackheads
Closed Comedomes - Whiteheads
Papules and Pustules

30
Q

What is the management of acne

A

Conservative: Avoid triggers, regular washing
1st line: Topical Keratolytics, Topical retinoids and Topical Abx
2nd line: low oral dose Abx e.g erythromycin
or Hormonal treatment e.g COCP
3rd line: Oral Retinoid

31
Q

What causes nappy rash

A

Candida

32
Q

What is a red silver ring like rash called and what’s it caused by

A

Ringworm

Fungal - Tinea (also causes athletes foot)

33
Q

What are some common protazoa/insect skin infections

A

Toxoplasmosis - cat poo
Nits ans Lice
Scabies - intense itching especially at night caused by mites burrowing and laying eggs
Toxocara - dog poo

34
Q

What is the most common type of eczema

A

Atopic Eczema - T-cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction - The triad

35
Q

What are exacerbating factors for eczema

A

Strong detergents
Chemicals
Cat and Dog fur
Dietary

36
Q

What are clinically features of eczema

A
  • Itchy, erythematous scaly patches especially in flectures e.g elbows, knees
  • Skin can become hyperpigmented
  • Broken skin may become infected by S.Aureus (impetigo) or Herpes (blisters/ulcers)
37
Q

how is eczema managed

A

Avoid irritants

1st line: Regular emollients (aqueous cream) and mild steroids for face (1% hydrocortisone) and more potent for body (betamethasone)

2nd line: Oral prednisolone, oral immunomodulators e.g Azathioprine

Abx for bacterial infection

38
Q

How do you distinguish between eczema and contact dermatitis

A

Eczema - more genetic develops all over body

Contact Dermitis - external factors and develops at site of contact

39
Q

What is contact dermatitis

A

Acute or Chronic Skin inflammation produced by substances coming into contact with skin

40
Q

What are the causes

A

Chemical irritant - cleaning, solvents, regular hand washing
Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction (allergic dermitis e.g latex)

41
Q

What are the clinical features of Dermatitis

A

unusal rash with clear cut edges or odd shapes of erythema and scaling
Pruritus

Pach testing of allergen is placed on skin and can help identify

42
Q

What is the management

A

Causative agent removed

Steroid Creams in severe disease

Paediatrics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions