Spots and Rashes Flashcards
What are strawberry marks
When are they dangerous
- Haemangioma - raised marks on the skin and are usually red
- They are usually self limiting and rapidly increase in size in first 6 months before shrinking and eventually disappearing
- Around the eye and in the airway - can interfere with vision and breathing
What is a port wine stains
Capillary malformations
- Often affect one side of the body and usually occur on face, back and chest
- They are permanent and deepen in colour over time (also sensitive to hormones e.g pregnancy)
What rash looks like a bruise
Mongolian Blue Spots
- Look blue/grey
- Seen in non- caucasian ancestry
- They can last months/years
What are congenital moles called
Congenital melanocytic naevi
- Large brown moles
- They have a low risk of cancer but the larger the bigger the risk
What are the two main types of birth marks
Vascular birthmarks: Usually pink/red/purple - caused by abnormal vessels under the skin
Pigmented Birthmarks: Usually brown - Caused by clusters of pigment cells
What are types of Vascular Birthmarks
Port wine stain
Strawberry marks/Haemangioma
Salmon patch (around eyes, neck, forehead)
What are the types of Pigmented Birthmarks
Cafe-au-Lait Spots
Mongolian spots
Congential Melanocytic Naevi
What are cafe-au-lait spots
Coffee coloured skin patches
- normal to have a couple
- More than 5 at once - could be neurofibromatosis
What are milk spots/milia
Tiny white bumps on the skin
They are sebaceous plugs
What is erythema toxic neonatorum
Common benign condition seen in newborns doesn’t need treating
- Erythematous macules, papules and pustules (Raised red, yellow and white spots) usually appear on the face, body, upper arms and thighs.
- Usually lasts a few days, The rash can disappear and reappear.
- Diagnosed from skin biopsy will show infiltration of inflammatory cells (eosinophils and neutrophils) - thought to be histamine reaction
What does a smallpox rash look like
Small spots and blisters
- Rash starts as lesions on tongue and in mouth before spreading to the face and spreading to the trunk, palms and soles
- Lesions develop uniformly throughout disease (lesions develop all at same time)
- Start as papule before coming vesicles then eventually become pustules - these will eventually crust and scab over
- lesions are most concentrated to hands, face and feet
What does chickenpox rash look like
Small spots and blisters
- Widespread rash starting on the trunk, spreading to the face, scalp, and extremities
-Simultaneous occurrence of various stages of rash (successive fashion):
erythematous macules → papules → vesicles filled with a clear fluid on an erythematous base → eruption of vesicles → crusted papules → hypopigmentation of healed lesions
- Pruritus
- lesions concentrated to torso fewest on hands and feet
What does measles rash look like
Prodomial phase CCCK:
- Cough
- Coryza
- Conjunctivitis
- Koplik spots (tiny white/bluish spots resemble grains of sand)
Followed by widespread erythematous (red/brown) maculopapular rash - which is blanching
What does rubella rash look like
- Similar to measles but milder
- Beware congenital form - is teratogenic and causes multi organ inflammation
What virus causes slapped cheek syndrome
Parvovirus B19
What does HHV6 cause
Roseola Infartum - produces similar rash to measles and rubella (maculopapular rash)
How does hand, foot and mouth disease rash present snd what causes it
Blisters on hands and feet and ulcers in the mouth
Cause by Coxsackie
What is the rash seen in mumps
Macular erythematous rash usually begins on face
What rash is seen in herpes
Red sores and vesicles seen on the skin, eyes and mouth
What is molluscum contagiosum
small firm dome shaped spots with small dimple in the middle typically pink, red when they rupture think/yellow substance comes out (highly contageous substance)
What is impetigo caused by and how does it present
Highly contagious!!! - caused by Staph Aureus
- Red sores and vesicles which are very itchy which leave golden, crusty patches behind
What is scalded skin caused by
Staphylococcus Aureus Toxin causing skin to be painful, blister and peal
(only 5% Staph produce proteins toxic to the skin)
What is Staph aureus a common cause of skin infection
Impetigo Boils and Abscesses Styes and Conjunctivitis infections in grazes and wounds Infective eczema Cellulitis
How does cellulitis present and what’s it main cause
- Streptococcus, occasionally Staph
- Warm, Erythematous, painful, swollen skin
